家事与国事:关于贵州遵义出土《杨文神道碑》的几个问题  

Family and State Affairs: Several Issues Concerning the Shendao Stele of Yang Wen Unearthed in Zunyi, Guizhou Province

作　　者：李飞[1] Li Fei

机构地区：[1]贵州省博物馆

出　　处：《四川文物》2021年第3期44-54,共11页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“海龙囤考古发掘资料的整理与综合研究”(项目批准号:19AKG004)。

摘　　要：贵州遵义高坪"土司"墓地出土的《杨文神道碑》,是一篇研究宋蒙战史与杨氏祖源的重要文献。该碑至迟在1291年即被毁,碑文亦湮灭于世。神道碑是被杨氏后人在1275—1291年间有意摧毁的,以表达"忠宋"或"顺元"的动机。碑文作者应是南宋抗蒙重臣朱禩孙,其在德祐元年(1275年)四月的降元变节,可能是碑刻被毁、碑文湮灭的重要原因。杨氏之先应为当地土著僚人,其源自山西太原的祖源叙事并不可靠。在宋元更迭的历史时刻,对一通夸耀宋廷及贬损蒙廷的敏感碑刻的处理,折射了边地"土司"的生存抉择,以及边缘族群融入华夏核心的历史进程。The Shendao Stele of Yang Wen unearthed in 1972 from the Gaoping Chieftain Cemetery in Zunyi is an important material for the research of Song-Mongol War(mentioning that Yang Wen marched north six times to fight against Mongol invasion and the establishment of Hailongtun) and the origin of the Yang family(claiming that their ancestors came from the central plains). The stele had been destroyed no later than 1291, with the content of inscription annihilated as well. Based on the archaeological contexts, content of the inscription and documentary records, this paper puts forward several new ideas. Firstly, the stele was intentionally destroyed by Yang Wen’s descendants during 1275 to 1291 as an expression of "loyalty to the Song Dynasty"(1275-1276) or "obedience to the Yuan Dynasty"(1276-1291). Secondly, the author of the inscription should be Zhu Sisun(1214-1280), who was a high-ranking official of the Southern Song Dynasty and an advocate of resistance against Mongols. His defection to the Yuan Dynasty in 1275 was a possible cause for the destruction of the stele and the annihilation of its inscription(as Yang’s expression of "loyalty to the Song Dynasty"). Thirdly, Yang’s ancestors should be local ethnic minority, the Liao people, the story of the family’s origin from Taiyuan, Shanxi Province is unreliable. Fourthly, at the historical change of dynasties, the disposal of a stele involving sensitive issues which sings praises of the Song Dynasty and belittles the Mongol-Yuan court reflected the choice of survival made by a Chieftain in borderland, as well as the historical process of marginal ethnic groups integrating into the core of China.

关 键 词：土司 杨文 播州 宋元 

分 类 号：K877.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]