论生态损害赔偿权利人在磋商制度中的定位  

On the Right Holder’s Position in the Ecological Damage Compensation in Consultation System

作　　者：刘志[1] 毕琳杰 LIU Zhi;BI Lin-jie(School of Humanities,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学人文学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西安建筑科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期58-64,共7页Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：生态损害赔偿磋商制度作为我国本土内生且有别于传统环境行政方式的新型环境治理制度创新成果,彰显公权行使特征与私法自治内涵的融合,旨在更好地实现损害赔偿、生态修复之目标。政府即赔偿权利人在磋商制度运行中既担任着行政机关管理者的身份,同时扮演着民事求偿权利人的角色,体现“行政机关+民事权利人”的双阶构造,若将赔偿权利人分别定位为纯粹的行政主体或民事主体均难以解决其在整个磋商过程中复杂的身份混同困境,应以双阶构造理论具体剖析生态损害赔偿磋商的法律性质以及赔偿权利人特殊的双重法律地位,并反思学界各派理论纷争之利弊,提出最为适宜的解释路径,为之后专门法律的出台奠定学理基础。The consultation system of ecological damage compensation is a new innovation achievement of the environmental governance system in China,which is endogenous indigenously and different from the traditional environmental administrative mode.Highlighting the integration of the exercising characteristics of public power and the autonomous connotation of private law,the system aims to better achieve the goals of damage compensation and ecological restoration.The government,the right holder of compensation,not only acts as the administrator of the administrative organ,but also plays a role of the right holder of civil claim,which reflects the two-stage structure of“administrative organ+civil obligee”.If the compensation obligee is positioned merely as a simple administrative subject or a civil subject,it is difficult to solve the problem of complicated identity confusion in the whole negotiating process.It is necessary to analyze in detail the legal nature of the consultation for ecological damage compensation and the special dual legal status of the right holder of compensation in the light of the two-stage theory.We should also reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of the theoretical disputes of various academic factions and put forward the most appropriate interpretation path,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the enactment of special laws.

关 键 词：生态损害赔偿 磋商制度 赔偿权利人 角色定位 双阶理论 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]