生物炭对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的持续效应  

Persistent Effects of Biochar Application on Yield and Soil Properties in a Double Rice-Cropping System

作　　者：杨星莲 刘磊 廖萍 王静 刘劲松 王海媛 曾勇军[1] 黄山[1] YANG Xinglian;LIU Lei;LIAO Ping;WANG Jin;LIU Jingsong;WANG Haiyuan;ZENG Yongjun;HUANG Shan(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第3期497-503,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300903)。

摘　　要：【目的】大量研究表明,在酸性稻田上施用生物炭能够提高水稻产量和改良土壤酸化,但是施用生物炭的长期效应还不清楚。研究采用定位试验,旨在明确一次性施用生物炭对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的持续效应。【方法】采用单因素随机区组设计,于2015—2020年开展田间试验,设置不施生物炭和2015年早稻翻耕前一次性配施20 t/hm^(2)生物炭2个处理,阐明一次性施用生物炭对双季水稻产量和土壤性状的持续效应。【结果】施用生物炭除在第1年(2015年)降低了早、晚稻产量外,其他年份产量均高于对照。其中,2016年早、晚稻,2018年早稻和2019年晚稻达到显著水平,增产率分别为14.1%、13.4%、5.9%和17.1%。施用生物炭显著提高了2016年和2018年土壤pH值,分别提升0.3和0.1个单位。施用生物炭显著提高了土壤有机质含量,但增幅从2016年的41.7%逐渐降低到2020年的26.0%。施用生物炭显著提高了2016年和2020年土壤速效钾含量,增幅分别为90.9%和41.4%,但对土壤碱解氮含量和土壤速效磷含量均无显著影响。【结论】在此酸性双季稻田上,一次性施用生物炭对水稻产量在5年内有显著影响,对土壤酸化有4年的改良效果,而对土壤有机质具有持续的提升效应。[Objective]Many studies have shown that the application of biochar can increase rice yield and improve soil acidification,but the long-term effect of biochar application is not clear.The objective of the present study was to examine the persistent effect of one-time application of biochar on rice yield and soil properties in a double rice cropping system.[Method]A randomized block field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2020 to clarify the persistent effects of applying biochar only once on the yield and soil properties in a double rice field of acidic soil.The present study comprised a control and a biochar treatment with a rate of 20 t/hm^(2) applied to the early rice field only once before plowing in 2015.[Result]The results showed that biochar application increased grain yield in both early and late rice except for in 2015,with a significant increase in grain yield by 14.1%,13.4%,5.9%and 17.1%in early rice and late rice in 2016,in the early rice in 2018,and in the late rice in 2019,respectively.Biochar application significantly increased soil pH in 2016 and 2018 by 0.3 and 0.1 units,respectively.Biochar application significantly increased soil organic matter content,but the magnitude of the increase gradually decreased from 41.7%in 2016 to 26.0%in 2020.Biochar application significantly increased the content of soil available K in 2016 and in 2020 by 90.9%and 41.4%,respectively.But,soil alkaline hydrolysis N and available P were not significantly affected by biochar.[Conclusion]Therefore,one-time application of biochar had a significant effect on rice yield within 5 years,improved soil acidification for 4 years,and had a persistent improvement effect on soil organic matter in the acidic soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 双季水稻 产量 土壤性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S156.6