石油污染土壤自然老化过程中微生物菌群及功能基因变化规律  

Dynamic Properties of Microbial Communities and Aromatic Dioxygenase Gene during Oil-Contaminated Soils Natural Aging

作　　者：李兴海 吕杰[1] 马媛[1] 吕光辉[1] LI Xinghai;LYU Jie;MA Yuan;LYU Guanghui(School of Resource and Environment Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2021年第4期472-480,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition in Chinese and English)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860149,31360131);新疆大学大学生创新训练计划项目(201510755170).

摘　　要：本文旨在揭示新疆准东油田石油污染土壤自然老化过程中微生物菌群结构及芳香烃双加氧酶基因多态性及其变化规律.采集同一采油区3个不同污染年限土壤样本及背景土,进行理化指标检测、16S rDNA V4-V5区扩增子测序及芳香烃双加氧酶基因克隆文库构建与分析.扩增子测序分析结果显示,采油区不同背景土壤中原核微生物种类具有极大的相似性,并且污染1年的土壤中微生物种类与背景土微生物种类相似性较大;污染3年和5年样本间有一定差异,组内差异较小.克隆文库共获得46个芳香烃双加氧酶基因OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units),其Genbank注册号为KY985598-KY985643,分为邻苯二甲酸双加氧酶基因、非培养放线菌芳香加氧酶基因、萘双加氧酶基因、多环芳烃双加氧酶基因和苯甲酸双加氧酶基因5个基因类型,不同石油污染年限的土壤中双加氧酶基因类型会有显著性差异.对不同污染年限土壤中微生物与环境因子进行相关性分析,结果显示:随石油污染年限的延长,土壤微生物群落结构及丰度呈规律性变化.准东油田石油污染土壤当中部分种类微生物和功能基因可作为检测石油污染物老化程度的分子标准.This paper aims to investigate the change rule of bacteria and aromatic dioxygenase gene diversity in oil-contaminated soil with different years from Zhundong oilfield,Xinjiang,China.The oil-contaminated and background soils of three different pollution years were collected in the same oil exploring area,and the soil physical and chemical properties were detected.The V4-V5 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced and the aromatic dioxygenase gene clone library were constructed with the different soil samples.The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the bacterial community structure and diversity are similarity in different background soils and the bacterial diversity in the soil polluted for 1 year is similar with that in the background soils.There were some differences in bacterial community between the samples of 3 years and 5 years of pollution,but there was little difference within the group respectively.46 OTUs of aromatic dioxygenase gene were obtained,and the GenBank accession numbers were KY985598-KY985643.After the homologous analysis,the aromatic dioxygenase gene library were divided into five groups,which were phthalate dioxygenase gene,uncultured actinobacterium aromatic oxygenase gene,naphthalene dioxygenase gene,PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase gene and benzoate dioxygenase gene.There were significant differences in the dioxygenase gene types in soils with different oil pollution years.The correlation between microbial community with environmental factors of soils with different pollution years were analyzed.The results showed that the microbial community structure and abundance changed regularly with the increase of pollution years.The paper implied that some microbial species and functional genes can be served as a molecular standard to estimate the degree of aged oil sludge in contaminated soil of Zhundong oilfield.

关 键 词：石油污染 多环芳烃 微生物群落 功能基因 双加氧酶 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]