清代治河思想在海口河段的实践及成效  

The practice and effectiveness of the Qing Dynasty river management idea in the Qingkou-Estuary section(1644-1855)

作　　者：张裕童 Zhang Yutong

机构地区：[1]中国水利博物馆,浙江杭州311215

出　　处：《史志学刊》2021年第2期31-42,共12页Journal of History and Chorography

摘　　要：“束水攻沙,蓄清刷黄”是清代治河的指导思想。在这一思想主导下,清口-海口河段的泄水顺畅,是治黄保运的关键。由于河道淤积延伸,“蓄清刷黄”频频出现问题,海口河段治理成为君臣治河焦点。清政府在海口河段采用了束水攻沙、浚船疏沙、截弯取直、减坝泄水、小范围改道等一系列举措,形成了服务于“蓄清刷黄”的海口治理模式。康乾时期的海口治理取得一定成效。嘉道时期,常规的海口治埋措施难以为继,官方治理措施却仍跳不出“束水攻沙,蓄清刷黄”的窠臼。从清代海n河段的治理活动可以看出,嘉道以后黄淮运综合治理体系的崩溃在所难免。Clearing sands with converging flow and storing the water of the Huai River to scour sediment of llie Yellow River are the guiding ideologies of river management in Qing Dynasty.Under the guidance of this thought,llic smooth discharge of the Qingkou-Estuary section is the key to control the Yellow River.However,due to the deposition and extension of the river,the problem of"storing,cleaning and painting yellow"occurred frequently.In estuary reach,the government adopted a series of measures,such as harnessing water to fight sand,dredging vessels to dredge sand,bending and straightening,reducing dam and discharging water,and changing the channel in a small area,to form a estuary treatment technology system that serves"storing the water of the Huai River to scour sediment of the Yellow River".During the Kangxi and Qianlong Periods,some achievements were made in estuary management.During the Jiaqing and Daoguang Periods,the conventional measures can not continue,the government's treatment measures still can not jump out of the pattern.It can be seen from the governance activities of estuary reach in the Qing dynasty that the collapse of the Management system was inevitable after the Jiaqing and Daoguang Periods.

关 键 词：清代 束水攻沙 蓄清刷黄 海口治理 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]