生物燃气净化提纯制备生物天然气技术研究进展  

Progress on biomethane production via biogas cleaning and upgrading

作　　者：杨嘎玛 穆廷桢 杨茂华[1] 苗得露 赵胥浩 唐斌 邢建民[1,2,3] Gama YANG;Tingzhen MU;Maohua YANG;Delu MIAO;Xuhao ZHAO;Bin TANG;Jianmin XING(Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Yabang Institute of Green Process and Advanced Materials Nanjing Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210047,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049 [3]雅邦绿色过程与新材料研究院南京有限公司,江苏南京210047

出　　处：《过程工程学报》2021年第6期617-628,共12页The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:21878307,31800030,31872633)。

摘　　要：生物天然气是由生物燃气经过脱硫、脱碳、脱水等工艺手段净化提纯后得到的一种可再生燃气,其成分和热值与常规天然气无异,是我国重点发展的生物能源。传统生物燃气中高含量的H2S和CO2限制了其应用,因此生物燃气净化提纯技术是生物天然气实现商业化生产的关键。本工作综述了国内外生物天然气制备过程中的脱硫和脱碳技术,对各项技术的工艺流程、原理及工业化应用情况进行了详细介绍,阐述了各技术的关键环节和优缺点,指出了生物燃气净化提纯技术当前面临的挑战,讨论了脱硫和脱碳技术未来的发展趋势,旨在为生物天然气的研究和工业发展提供工艺参考。要点:(1)归纳分析了生物天然气制备过程中各种脱硫和脱碳技术的原理、工艺流程及关键技术。(2)对比了不同脱硫和脱碳技术的关键性能参数和各自的优缺点。(3)指出了生物燃气脱硫脱碳技术当前面临的挑战,展望了未来的发展方向。Biomethane is a kind of renewable fuel produced after the biogas is purified by desulfurization, decarbonization and dehydration. Its composition and calorific value are almost same as natural gas which means biomethane is a promising renewable energy to be used as vehicle fuel or injected to the natural gas grid. To enable the efficient use of biomethane in these applications the biogas must be cleaned and upgraded. Removal of H2 S and CO2 are necessary processes for the commercial utilization of biogas and a number of techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane have been developed. In this review, the main desulfurization and decarbonization technologies for the production of biomethane were systematically reviewed with their upgrading efficiency, methane(CH4) loss, energy requirement, environmental effect, development and industrialization. The technologies for the removal of H2 S discussed in this work including absorption(physical and chemical), adsorption and biodesulfurization. And the technologies for the removal of CO2 including absorption(physical and chemical), pressure swing adsorption(PSA), membrane separation, cryogenic separation and the emerging biological methanation processes were discussed. Process flow and mechanism of each technology, as well as commercialization examples were introduced in detail with emphasizing their critical points and analyzing their advantages and deficiencies. Particularly, the review emphasized that biodesulfurization and biological methanation possess significant advantages over conventional physical/chemical technologies for biogas upgrading. Main advantages were that biotechnologies operated at normal temperatures and pressures, without the use of toxic complex chemicals, especially the biological removal of H2 S in biogas had undergone a rapid development over the past 20 years and was nowadays commercially available and implemented in full scale facilities. The current challenges and future perspectives of biogas desulfurization and decarbonization proc

关 键 词：生物天然气 生物燃气提纯 生物燃气净化 脱硫 脱碳 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]