多重消解与政策偏离:基层治理对精准扶贫的影响机制  

Multiple Negation and Policy Deviation:Study on the Influence Mechanism of Grass-roots Governance on Targeted Poverty Alleviation

作　　者：许汉泽 XU Hanze(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院,江苏南京211106

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期120-129,共10页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(ND2020007)。

摘　　要：以往对精准扶贫实践困境的研究,大多偏重于制度组织、政策技术以及文化伦理等单一维度的解释,缺乏从基层治理角度对精准扶贫政策执行偏差进行机制的分析。通过对武陵山区T贫困镇的调研发现,精准扶贫实践中出现了政策框架内的识别与分配难题、扶贫文牍主义与形式主义的困扰以及扶贫抗争增多与地方政府治理陷入困境等问题。而这正是弱治理结构与政策的连带效应、压力考核与村干部的功能替代,以及强激励之下底层农民的机会主义所导致。基层治理结构、治理主体、治理规则与治理对象的策略性应对等方面的偏差因素,共同构成了对精准扶贫政策实践的多重消解,最终导致政策目标出现偏离。在今后的相对贫困的治理过程中,要切实提升基层治理能力,消除对扶贫干部的形式主义考核,减少扶贫政策的泛福利化影响等。Most of the previous studies on the dilemma of targeted poverty alleviation focused on the single-dimensional explanations such as institutional organization,policy and cultural ethics,lacking mechanism analysis on the policy deviation from the perspective of grass-roots governance.Through the investigation in T town in the poverty-strickenWuling Mountainous area,it is found that some problems occurred in the practice of targeted poverty alleviation,such as the identification and distribution within the policy framework,the practice of paperwork and formalism,the increasing benefit conflicts in poverty alleviation and the governance difficulties of local governments.This is caused by the joint effects of the weak governance structure and policies,the pressure of assessment,the function substitution of village cadres,and the opportunism of the bottom farmers under the strong incentive.The deviation factors of basic level governance structure,governance subject,governance rules and strategic response of governance objects constitute the multiple digestion of targeted poverty alleviation policy,which leads to the deviation of policy objectives.In the process of relative poverty reduction in the future,we should effectively improve the grass-roots governance ability,eliminate the formalism assessment of poverty relief cadres and reduce the impact of Pan welfare of poverty relief policies.

关 键 词：精准扶贫 基层治理 政策偏离 文牍主义 形式主义 机会主义 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]