近40年气候变化对石河子棉区棉花生长发育的影响  

Effects of Climate Change on Cotton Growth and Development in Shihezi in Recent 40 Years

作　　者：王森 王雪姣 吉春容 郭燕云 胡启瑞 杨明凤 WANG Sen;WANG Xuejiao;JI Chunrong;GUO Yanyun;HU Qirui;YANG Mingfeng(Xinjiang Agrometeorological Station,Urumqi Xinjiang 830002,China;Ulan Wusu Agrometeorological Experimental Station,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程》2021年第4期132-136,共5页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2018D01A52)。

摘　　要：为了阐明石河子地区气候环境对棉花生长发育的影响,利用石河子地区4个气象站点1981—2018年气象资料,通过气候倾向率、M-K突变分析、生理发育时间等方法分析计算气候环境和棉花生长发育变化特征。结果表明:1981—2018年石河子地区棉花产量和单位面积产量均呈显著增加趋势,增加率分别为1.4万t/a和57.9 kg/hm^(2);石河子地区平均气温和最低气温均呈显著增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.32和0.51℃/10a,而最高气温以0.18℃/10a的速率不显著增加;最高气温≥35℃日数主要分布在6—8月,7月高温日数最高;最低气温<12℃的日数主要分布在4月和9月;无霜期呈显著增加趋势,气候倾向率为6.4 d/10a;播种期呈现显著提前趋势,提前速率为-0.48d/a;棉花生理发育时间呈显著增加趋势,倾向率为2.4 d/10a,突变年份在1997年。In order to clarify impact of climate environment on cotton growth and development in Shihezi area,using meteorological data of four meteorological stations in Shihezi area from 1981 to 2018,climate environment and cotton growth and development change characteristics were analyzed and calculated through climate tendency rate,M-K mutation analysis,physiological development time and other methods.Results showed that:from 1981 to 2018,cotton yield and yield per unit area in Shihezi region showed a significant increasing trend,with increasing rates of 14000 t/a and 57.9 kg/hm^(2)respectively.Average temperature and minimum temperature in Shihezi region showed a significant increasing trend,with climate tendency rates of 0.32 and 0.51℃/10 a respectively,while maximum temperature did not increase significantly at rate of 0.18℃/10 a.Maximum temperature was more than 35℃per day.The number of high temperature days was the highest in July;the number of days with the lowest temperature<12℃was mainly distributed in April and September.Frost free period showed a significant increasing trend,climate tendency rate was 6.4 d/10 a.Sowing date showed a significant advance trend,advance rate was-0.48 d/a.Cotton physiological development time showed a significant increasing trend,tendency rate was 2.4 d/10 a,and mutation year was 1997.

关 键 词：石河子 棉花 生理发育 气候变化 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]