传统抗肿瘤药物的临床应用现状与发展  

The clinical application and development of traditional antitumor drugs

作　　者：徐焦 蒙凌华 卿晨[1] XU Jiao;MENG Ling-hua;QING Chen(Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China;Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学,云南昆明650500 [2]中国科学院上海药物研究所,上海201203

出　　处：《药学学报》2021年第6期1551-1561,共11页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国基自然科学基金:资助项目(81860463)。

摘　　要：传统抗肿瘤药物是指能够直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,抑制肿瘤细胞生长、增殖的一类细胞毒类化疗药物。由芥子气衍生而来的氮芥于1946年用于治疗淋巴瘤,揭开了现代肿瘤化学治疗的序幕。以氮芥为起始,包括烷化剂、抗代谢、抗癌抗生素和抗肿瘤植物药等多种类抗肿瘤药物被陆续开发用于临床治疗。传统抗肿瘤药物是肿瘤化疗的基石,在恶性肿瘤的综合治疗和新辅助治疗中占有重要地位。近年来,传统抗肿瘤药物通过与分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗及放射治疗的联合应用,极大地提高了肿瘤患者的生存率。随着对肿瘤基因组和肿瘤发生发展机制研究的不断深入,精准医学和个体化治疗的理念被提出并在临床实践中取得成功。在此背景下,传统抗肿瘤药物的个性化治疗策略也有待进一步研究和优化。本文综述了近年来传统抗肿瘤药物的临床应用情况和研究进展。Traditional antitumor drugs are cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs that can directly kill tumor cells and inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells.Modern chemotherapy for tumors was initiated by use of nitrogen mustard to treat lymphomas in 1946,which was derived from mustard gas.Starting with nitrogen mustard,many kinds of anti-tumor drugs,including alkylating agents,anti-metabolism drugs,anti-tumor antibiotics,and anti-tumor plant drugs,have been successively developed for clinical treatment.Traditional antitumor drugs are the cornerstone of tumor chemotherapy and play important roles in the comprehensive treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of malignant tumors.In recent years,the combination of traditional antitumor drugs with molecular targeted therapy,immunotherapy,and radiotherapy has greatly improved the survival rate of tumor patients.With the deepening understanding of tumor genome as well as tumor initiation and promotion,the concepts of precision medicine and individualized treatment have been proposed and achieved success in clinical practice.In this context,the strategies leading to personalized therapy with traditional anti-tumor drugs also need to be further studied and optimized.This review summarized the recent clinical application and research progress of traditional antitumor drugs.

关 键 词：传统抗肿瘤药物 个体化治疗 靶向治疗 免疫治疗 放疗 联合给药 

分 类 号：R966[医药卫生—药理学]