我国煤矿气体检测技术研究进展  

Research progress of coal mine gas detection technology in China

作　　者：梁运涛 田富超[1,2,3] 冯文彬 邵振鲁[2] 孟祥宁 陈成锋[1] LIANG Yuntao;TIAN Fuchao;FENG Wenbin;SHAO Zhenlu;MENG Xiangning;CHEN Chengfeng(State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology,CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute,Shenfu Demenstration Zone 113122,China;School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;College of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司煤矿安全技术国家重点实验室,辽宁沈抚示范区113122 [2]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2021年第6期1701-1714,共14页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0807900);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51774181);辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2020-KF-23-01)。

摘　　要：煤矿井下环境气体组分复杂且具有必需性、致灾性、预警性的特点,煤矿气体的定量检测对于矿井灾害危险性早期辨识、继发性次生灾害准确预警、应急救援科学决策具有重要意义。首先,分析了常用的催化燃烧式、热导式、光干涉式和电化学式等气体传感器技术,色谱分析技术,傅里叶变换红外光谱、非分散红外光谱和可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱等光谱分析技术的方法原理和研究进展,总结了各类气体检测技术的应用效果;其次,指出煤矿井下存在大气压力及温度变化范围大、相对湿度和粉尘质量浓度高、电磁干扰强的极端工况环境,从适用气体、优缺点、应用领域、代表仪器等方面对比了不同检测技术在煤矿井下的技术适用性;然后,在交叉干扰分析的基础上,针对CH_(4),O_(2),CO,C_(2)H_(4),C_(2)H_(2),H_(2)等单一气体检测、多组分气体在线监测及矿山应急救援期间爆炸环境有毒有害气体原位分析提出了应用建议,以检测精度、量程为首要条件,并应综合考虑性价比、背景气干扰、零点漂移等因素影响;最后,提出煤矿痕量气体低检出限、多组分混合气体交叉干扰、特定波长激光器及高性能检测器成本昂贵等"卡脖子"难题,为实现煤矿气体的原位定量分析和动态监测指明了研究方向。The gases in underground coal mines are composed of multiple components characterized by necessity, disaster triggering and early warning.The quantitative measurement of coal mine gases is of significance for the early identification of hazardous sources, the accurate warning of relevant secondary disasters, and scientific decision-making for emergency rescue.Firstly, the principles and research progress of commonly used gas analysis techniques are presented, i.e.,gas sensors(catalytic combustion type, thermal conductivity type, optical interference type and electrochemical type),chromatographic analysis technology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.The field application of the above-mentioned gas detection technologies is summarized.Secondly, the extreme working conditions in coal mines including large atmospheric pressure and temperature variation, high relative humidity and dust concentration, as well as strong electromagnetic interference are pointed out.The technical applicability of different detection technologies is also compared from the aspects of applicable gas, pros and cons, application fields, and representative instruments.Then, on the basis of cross-interference analysis, some suggestions for single gas detection(such as CH_(4),O_(2),CO,C_(2)H_(4),C_(2)H_(2) and H_(2)) and multi-component gas mixture online monitoring as well as in-situ analysis of toxic gases in explosive environments during emergency rescue are put forward.When selecting a detection method under the premise of measurement accuracy and range, some comprehensive considerations should be given to cost performance, background interference, and zero drift.Finally, the bottleneck problems such as the low detection limit of trace gas, cross-interference of multi-component gas mixture, high cost of specific wavelength laser and high-performance detector are presented, which shows the research direction for realizing the in-situ quantitative analy

关 键 词：煤矿气体 检测技术 传感器 色谱分析 光谱分析 交叉干扰 

分 类 号：TD752[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]