不同环境栽培对天麻土壤理化性质、微生物、代谢物的影响  

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties,Microorganisms and Metabolites in Different Culture Environments of Gastrodia elata

作　　者：王佩 孟广云 毛如志[1] 杨宽 苏照徽 王忠巧 杨顺强[3] 黄红苹[1] 何霞红[1,4] WANG Pei;MENG Guang-yun;MAO Ru-zhi;YANG Kuan;SU Zhao-hui;WANG Zhong-qiao;YANG Shun-qiang;HUANG Hong-ping;HE Xia-hong(Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Forestry and Grassland Administration of Yiliang County,Zhaotong 657600,China;Zhaotong College,Zhaotong 657000,China;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,昆明650201 [2]昭通市彝良县林业草业局,云南昭通657600 [3]昭通学院,云南昭通657000 [4]西南林业大学,昆明650224

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2021年第14期164-174,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201100);科技人才与平台计划(院士专家工作站)项目(2018IC063);云南省重大科技专项(2019ZG00901)。

摘　　要：目的:研究不同生境栽培天麻对土壤理化性质、微生物及代谢物的影响,为后期天麻多环境种植提供科学依据。方法:采集不同栽培环境天麻块茎际土壤:应用土壤农化分析方法、平板菌落计数法和气相色谱飞行时间质谱法(GC-TOFMS)非靶标代谢组学等方法分析土壤养分、微生物的数量与代谢物的差异。结果:土壤理化性质分析表明,土壤含水率以杂木林最高;土壤pH,速效钾,有效磷含量以杂木林下最高,电导率、全氮、碱解氮、有机质含量以松林最高;土壤微生物数量分析表明,可培养微生物依次为细菌、放线菌和真菌,其中杂木林的细菌数量、微生物总量最多;荒坡地的真菌、放线菌数量最多;土壤中的细菌/真菌(B/F)最大的为松林、最小的为荒坡地;土壤代谢组结果表明,杂木林(Z组),松林(S组),荒坡地(HD组)中的土壤代谢物组成和数量各有不同;S组-Z组,HD组-Z组,HD组-S组通过正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)比较后,分别筛选到18,35,24种差异代谢物,再通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集得到5条,9条,13条代谢通路。相关性分析表明,土壤理化性质和土壤微生物数量及代谢组存在显著的因果关系。结论:天麻在不同环境种植后,其土壤理化性质、微生物数量及代谢物变化有显著差异,其种植适宜度为杂木林>松林>荒坡;土壤理化性质与土壤微生物数量是驱动土壤代谢物变化的重要影响因素,这表明栽培环境调控土壤理化特征和微生物特征是维持天麻-土壤-微生物共生系统的重要机制。Objective:To study the soil physical and chemical properties,microorganisms,and metabolites in different culture environments of Gastrodia elata,so as to provide scientific basis for subsequent cultivation of G.elata in multiple environments.Method:The tubersphere soil of G.elata cultured in different environments was collected for analyzing the soil nutrients,microbial numbers,and metabolite differences using the agrochemical method,plate-count method,and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC-TOF-MS)-based non-targeted metabonomic approach.Result:The analysis of soil physical and chemical properties revealed the highest soil moisture,pH,available potassium,and available phosphorus in the spinney and the highest electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and organic matter in the pinewood.As demonstrated by the quantitative analysis of soil microorganisms,the cultivable microorganisms were bacteria,actinomycetes,and fungi,with the bacterial population and total microbial biomass in the spinney and the number of fungi and actinomycetes in the barren slope detected to be the largest.The ratio of bacteria to fungi(B/F value)in the pinewood was the highest,while that in the barren slope was the lowest.The results of metabonomic research demonstrated that the compositions and quantities of soil metabolites in the spinney(Z group),pinewood(S group),and barren slope(HD group)varied.Through comparisons between S and Z groups,between HD and Z groups,as well as between HD and S groups by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),18,35,and 24 differential metabolites were separately screened out,and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis yielded 5,9,and 13 metabolic pathways.There existed a significant causal relationship of the soil physical and chemical properties and microbial numbers with the metabolites.Conclusion:The soil physical and chemical properties,microbial numbers,and metabolite changes differed significantly

关 键 词：天麻 栽培环境 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物数量 土壤代谢物 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R289[医药卫生—中医学]