油污废水中污染物对土壤-地下水环境影响的模拟分析  

Analysis and numerical simulation of the environmental impact of pollutants on groundwater

作　　者：冉新民[1] 李小琴 殷丽霞 RAN Xin-min;LI Xiao-qin;YIN Li-xia(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydropower School,Lanzhou 730021,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]甘肃省水利水电学校,兰州730021

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期167-175,184,共10页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51178209)。

摘　　要：分析兰州市油污干管中油污废水的污染来源及对土壤地下水环境的污染途径,通过室内实验检测沿兰州市轨道交通工程的废弃油污管道中的污染物成分、浓度以及残存量.针对油污废水泄漏的特点,运用污染物在土壤-地下水环境中迁移、转化的数学模型,考虑污染物的降解特性和吸附性,模拟分析超标污染物的运移,计算最大污染超标半径.研究数学模型中的各参数的敏感性,依据相对最大超标半径评价对参数的敏感性.研究表明,废弃油污管道中残存废水主要超标物为石油类污染物和重金属Cr.模拟结果表明,在20 a后,石油类的污染物超标半径为56 m.计算模型中降解系数对模拟结果的影响最大.当考虑实际土体渗透系数的变化范围时,如果渗透系数增大10倍,源强增大1倍时,石油类污染物超标半径增加54%.Presented in the paper were the analysis results of the environmental impact of pollutants in oil pipes in Lanzhou and the investigation results of potential pollution sources. Based on the laboratory tests of sampled water along the pipeline, the components along with the concentrations of the pollutants in the oil-polluted water were analyzed. According to the characteristics of the leaking process of oil-polluted water, the transportation process of oil-polluted water was simulated using an analytical model, which considered the absorption and degradation of the pollutants. The variation in the concentration of oil and a heavy metal exceeding the allowable limits in the groundwater after leaking was simulated and evaluated using the maximum radius showing that the concentration of oil or heavy metal exceeded the limits.Sensitivity analysis was also carried out and the impact of the each parameter on the maximum radius was evaluated. A most unexpected scenario was simulated as well. The results indicated that concentration of oil and Cr in the oil-polluted water exceeded the allowable limits. The simulation showed that after 20 years, the maximum impacted radius of oil-polluted water was 56 m. The most sensitive parameter in the analytical model was the degradation coefficient. The maximum impacted radius would be increased by 54% when the hydraulic conductivity and source concentration increase ten times and one time, respectively.

关 键 词：土壤 地下水 石油污染物 模型 

分 类 号：X742[环境科学与工程—环境工程]