铅锌矿伴生的稀散元素研究进展  

Progresses of researches on the dispersed elements associated with lead-zinc deposits

作　　者：李凯旋 冷成彪 任志 刘飞[1] 许德如 叶霖[2] 罗泰义[2] LI Kai-xuan;LENG Cheng-biao;REN Zhi;LIU Fei;XU De-ru;YE Lin;LUO Tai-yi(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《矿物学报》2021年第3期225-233,共9页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2018YFC0603505);核资源与环境国家重点实验室自主基金(编号:2020Z02);江西省“双千计划”项目。

摘　　要：稀散元素是高新技术领域不可替代的原材料,被发达国家和经济体列为关键性矿产资源之一。它们很少形成独立矿床,通常作为伴生组分赋存于金属硫化物矿床、铝土矿以及含煤地层之中。铅锌矿床或富锡铅锌矿床中的闪锌矿是稀散元素Ga、Ge、Cd和In的主要载体。这些元素主要以类质同象形式置换闪锌矿晶格中的Fe,且多数情况下,它们在闪锌矿颗粒中的分布极不均匀。已有研究表明,Ga、Ge和Cd在不同类型铅锌矿中的含量差异明显,在相同类型矿床中的含量也有明显差异,甚至在同一矿床的不同部位亦有差异。Cd、Ga、Ge倾向于富集在低温热液成因的铅锌矿床中,而In通常富集于岩浆热液型或VMS型富锡铅锌矿床中。为了深入理解稀散元素的富集成矿作用,以下科学问题亟待进一步关注:1)Ga、Ge、Cd的富集与铅锌矿类型之间的关系,包括在不同类型和相同类型铅锌矿床之间的差异富集;2)控制Ga、Ge、Cd、In在闪锌矿颗粒尺度及矿体尺度中富集和亏损的机制;3)Sn在In的迁移和富集沉淀过程中的作用;4)闪锌矿的"铟窗"效应是否具有普适性;5)Ga、Ge、Cd、In在不同地质热液体系中的迁移形式。Dispersed elements are irreplaceable raw materials in the field of high and new technology, and have been listed as critical mineral resources by international developed economies and countries. They have rarely formed solely independent ore deposits, but often occurred as associated components in base metallic sulfide deposits, bauxite deposits, and coal-bearing strata. Sphalerite in lead-zinc or tin-lead-zinc deposits is the main carrier of Ga, Ge, Cd, and In of dispersed elements which were incorporated into the sphalerite crystal lattice for substituting Fe, in most cases, in the form of extremely heterogeneous distribution. Previous studies have shown that the contents of Ga, Ge, and Cd are significantly different in different types and same types of lead-zinc deposits, and are even different in different sections of one lead-zinc deposit. Cd, Ga, and Ge tend to be enriched in the low temperature hydrothermal lead-zinc deposits, while In is usually enriched in the magmatic hydrothermal or VMS tin-rich lead-zinc deposits. In order to understand the enrichment and mineralization mechanisms of dispersed elements, the following scientific issues need to be further studied with attention. They include 1) the relationship between the different concentrations of Ga, Ge, Cd and the types of lead-zinc deposits, including the different and same types of lead-zinc deposits, 2) the mechanism for controlling the enrichment and depletion of Ga, Ge, Cd, and In in the mineral scale of sphalerite and ore body scale, 3) the role of Sn in the migration, enrichment, and precipitation processes of In, 4) whether or not the universality of "indium window" effect of sphalerite, and 5) the migration forms of Ga, Ge, Cd and In in different geo-hydrothermal systems.

关 键 词：稀散元素 铅锌矿床 锗 铟 镓 镉 

分 类 号：P57[天文地球—矿物学] P61[天文地球—地质学]