飞行器水载荷结构完整性数值模拟现状与展望-Part Ⅰ:水上迫降和水上漂浮  

State of the art and perspectives of numerical simulation of aircraft structural integrity from hydrodynamics-Part Ⅰ:Ditching and floating

作　　者：童明波[1] 陈吉昌 李乐 肖天航[1] 古彪 董登科[3] 汪正中[4] TONG Mingbo;CHEN Jichang;LI Le;XIAO Tianhang;GU Biao;DONG Dengke;WANG Zhengzhong(College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;China Special Vehicle Research Institute,Jingmen 448035,China;China Aircraft Strength Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China;China Helicopter Research and Development Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016 [2]中国特种飞行器研究所,荆门448035 [3]中国飞机强度研究所,西安710065 [4]中国直升机设计研究所,景德镇333001

出　　处：《航空学报》2021年第5期118-152,共35页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11672133);航空科学基金(20182352015,201928052009);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：现代飞行器面临水上迫降、水上漂浮、贮箱晃动和投汲水等复杂水载荷的结构完整性和乘员安全性分析问题日趋重要,随着科学技术的发展,数值模拟已经成为飞行器设计、分析和适航取证的重要手段。以固定翼飞机、水陆两栖飞机、直升机、火箭和卫星等现代航空航天飞行器为对象,围绕适用于飞行器水载荷分析的数值模拟方法进行综述,根据外流(水上迫降和水上漂浮)和内流(贮箱晃动和投汲水)的不同将综述内容分为Part I和Part II两部分。Part I的主要工作为:首先,归纳水上迫降和水上漂浮的事故和试验,总结水气两相流和流固耦合算法的发展现状和优缺点;随后,结合工程实际,介绍飞行器水上迫降和水上漂浮的范畴、水载荷分析要点、适用的数值模拟方法和软件的国内外发展情况,其中,水上迫降的总结包括飞行参数、波浪水面和弹性体对迫降性能的影响研究,水上漂浮的总结涵盖了飞行器构型参数、破舱和波浪对漂浮性能的影响研究;最后,指出复杂风浪情况下水上迫降和漂浮的水气固三相耦合工程应用难点和解决途径,并探讨飞行器水载荷数值分析的技术挑战和未来的发展方向。The importance and requirements of structural integrity and passenger safety in aeronautics and astronautics communities have been strongly demonstrated in the past decades for series of scenarios,among which ditching,floating,sloshing and water dropping-scooping are closely related to both aerodynamics and hydrodynamics.To date,the numerical simulation technique has become one of the most powerful tools in the field of aircraft design and analysis due to the advanced technologies in terms of both hardware and algorithm.We provide a review of state-of-art numerical methods and applications in the above four typical aircraft scenarios that are dominated by hydrodynamic forces based on historic process knowledge.According to the difference of flow characteristics,that is outer flow or inner flow dominated,this review is divided into two parts Part I focuses on aircraft ditching and floating,and part II discusses sloshing and water dropping-scooping.In Part I,a literature investigation of the accidents and experiments of ditching and floating in the history of human aircraft usage is firstly presented,and the algorithms of two-phase interface and FSI(Flow-Structure Interaction)is then discussed.Secondly,based on practical engineering cases,we give the definition of ditching and floating and overview the past research on their physical processes,force analysis and corresponding algorithms and software developed in China and abroad.A detailed review of parameter influence of ditching and floating is then provided,including initial flight conditions,wave,flexible structural model,shape profile and progressive flooding.We finally specify the difficulties in the numerical simulation and applications of air-water-structure interaction in aircraft ditching and floating under the circumstances of wind and wave,which also reveals the technical difficulties and future development direction of the aircraft structural integrity from hydrodynamics perspective.

关 键 词：水上迫降/着水 水上漂浮 贮箱晃动 投汲水 两相流界面 流固耦合 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]