同域分布两种马先蒿植物的花特征及其对传粉昆虫访花行为的影响  

Floral traits and their manipulation of foraging behaviors of pollinators of two sympatric Pedicularis species

作　　者：路广梅 路宁娜[1] 马妍 高翠芳 LU Guang-mei;LU Ning-na;MA Yan;GAO Cui-fang(School of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期338-343,352,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(18YF1FA053);国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31660110)。

摘　　要：以青藏高原东部高寒草地同域分布的两种马先蒿属植物甘肃马先蒿和半扭卷马先蒿为实验材料,通过传粉观测、花特征测量和表型操控实验分析花特征和报酬对传粉者熊蜂访花行为的影响.结果表明,马先蒿属植物花大小、花数目和花下唇面积可显著影响传粉者的访花行为;两种马先蒿植物采取不同吸引策略,其中甘肃马先蒿通过增加花数目,半扭卷马先蒿通过增加花下唇面积以增加访花频率.实验减少两种马先蒿植物花报酬(花蜜和花粉)均显著降低传粉者的访花频率,报酬改变使传粉者发生适应性行为转变.两种由相似传粉者传粉的同域分布马先蒿物种的花特征通过对传粉者行为不同的影响,可促进物种共存.Two sympatric Pedicularis species,i.e.,P.kansuensis and P.semitorta were used as experimental materials at eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau.We observed the visiting frequencies of pollinators,measured the floral traits and a method of phenotypic manipulation was used to analyze the effect of floral traits and the reward on visiting behaviors of Bombus.The results showed that flower size,lower lip size and number of flowers of P.kansuensis and P.semitorta can significantly affected the visiting behaviors of pollinators.The two species exhibited different strategies to attract pollinators,by the means of a more flower number in P.kansuensis and a larger lower lip in P.semitorta respectively.Reducing reward including nectar and pollen significantly decreased the visiting frequencies of pollinators.Reward changing resulted in an adaptive behavioral shift in the pollinators.The floral traits of the two sympatric Pedicularis species pollinated by similar pollinators had different effects on pollinator behaviors and were beneficial to the coexistence of both species.

关 键 词：同域分布 马先蒿属 报酬 花特征 访花行为 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]