畜禽粪便堆肥臭气过程脱除装置的设计与除臭效果分析  

Design of Deodorization Device for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Analysis of Deodorizing Effect

作　　者：张昊[1] 王雷 郑超 朱岩岩 梁逸夫 陈芳[1] 申杰[1] 皮劲松[1] ZHANG Hao;WANG Lei;ZHENG Chao;ZHU Yanyan;LIANG Yifu;CHEN Fang;SHEN Jie;PI Jinsong(Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2021年第6期75-78,共4页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0501408);国家蛋鸡产业技术体系(CARS-40-S15);国家肉鸡产业技术体系(CARS-41-Z14)。

摘　　要：针对畜禽粪便(半)开放式堆肥臭气扰民问题,通过设计一种过程除臭装置以减少臭气对周边环境的影响。该除臭设备由翻抛机上的高位喷洒单元和低位喷洒单元组成,其中,每个喷洒单元包括除臭液储存罐、增压泵机、输送管路、输送管路支架、喷头和控制系统。低位除臭单元除臭剂为小分子有机酸,高位除臭单元除臭剂为功能微生物菌剂。翻堆时,自动控制系统开启增压泵机,抽取除臭剂向已翻抛过的堆体表面喷洒。该装置臭气减排情况表明,其能够显著降低翻抛过程中释放的氨气和硫化氢含量(P<0.05),脱除效率分别为90%和85%。翻堆后4 h检测结果显示,通过喷洒至堆体表面的有机酸中和作用和微生物转化作用,可在静置期将氨气释放量降低40%以上,并有效降低硫化氢释放量。说明该除臭装置能够有效减少堆肥过程释放至环境中的氨气和硫化氢。Aiming at the problem of odor nuisance caused by(semi)open composting process of livestock manure,a process deodorizer was designed to reduce the impact of odor on the surrounding environment.The deodorizing equipment is composed of a high-level spraying unit and a low-level spraying unit on a flipping machine,among which,each spraying unit includes a deodorizing liquid storage tank,a booster pump,a conveying pipeline,a conveying pipeline support,a spray nozzle and a control system.The deodorant in low-level deodorant unit is made of small molecule organic acid,and that in the high-level deodorant unit is of functional microorganism.When turning over the compost,the automatic control system turns on the booster pump,extract deodorant and spray it on the surface of the dump.The detection of odor reduction using this device showed that it could significantly reduce the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide content released during the dumping process(P<0.05),the removal efficiency was 90%and 85%respectively.The test results of turning over the pile after 4h showed that the organic acid neutralization and microbial transformation effect through spraying could reduce the ammonia release by more than 40%during the standing period,and effectively decrease the hydrogen sulfide release.It shows that the deodorization device can effectively reduce the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released into the environment during the composting process.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 堆肥 臭气 除臭装置 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X713