2018年中国人群自杀死亡率及死亡方式分析  

Analyses on Suicide Methods and Mortality in China,2018

作　　者：孟诗迪 刘韫宁[1] 刘江美[1] 齐金蕾[1] 周脉耕[1] 王黎君[1] MENG Shi-di;LIU Yun-ning;LIU Jiang-mei;QI Jin-lei;ZHOU Mai-geng;WANG Li-jun(National Center far Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center far Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心,北京100050

出　　处：《伤害医学（电子版）》2021年第2期36-40,共5页Injury Medicine(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：目的对2018年我国人群自杀死亡率及死亡方式的分布情况进行描述,为自杀防控提供依据。方法利用全国疾病监测系统监测数据,通过死因监测系统漏报调查数据对死亡率进行调整,以2010年全国人口普查数据为基准计算年龄标准化死亡率,描述中国不同地区、不同年龄、不同性别人群的自杀死亡率及死亡方式的分布情况。结果2018年中国人群自杀标化死亡率为6.36/10万,城市地区人群自杀标化死亡率为4.37/10万,农村地区人群为7.40/10万;男性自杀标化死亡率为7.61/10万,女性为5.10/10万。自杀标化死亡率性别比(男性/女性)为1.48,地区比(农村/城市)为1.70。自杀死亡率随年龄的增长而增加,60~84岁老年人自杀死亡率为20.71/10万,85岁及以上老年人自杀死亡率达到51.20/10万。中国人群自杀死亡方式前三位分别为自毒、悬吊/绞勒/窒息和坠落,农村地区人群第一位自杀死亡方式为自毒,而城市地区人群为悬吊/绞勒/窒息。结论应着重关注老年人和农村地区人群的自杀死亡问题,针对不同人群自杀死亡方式的差异,采取针对性的干预措施,进一步降低自杀死亡的危害。Objective To investigate distributions of suicide deaths and their mode in China in 2018,so as to provide a basis for suicide prevention and control.Methods Based on monitoring from the Disease Surveillance Points System,the data was estimated to describe characteristics of suicide deaths in China in 2018.The crude suicide mortality was adjusted through the under-reporting rate and the age-standardized mortality was calculated based on the census data of China in 2010.The distributions of suicide mortality and modes of death were stratified by gender,regions and ages.Results In 2018,the standardized mortality rates of suicide were 6.36/100,000 with 4.37/100,000 in urban areas and 7.40/100,000 in rural areas.The age-standardized mortality rate of suicide among males was 7.61/100,000,and among females was 5.10/100,000.The male to female ratio of age-standardized mortality of suicide was 1.48 and the rural to urban ratio was 1.70.Suicide mortality rates increased with age;among people aged 60 to 84 years old,it was 20.71/100,000,and among people over 85 years old was 51.20/100,000.Self-poisonings,hangings,and falls were the top three modes of suicides for the overall population.The most frequent suicide mode in the rural areas was poisoning while it was hanging in the urban areas.Conclusions More attention should be paid to suicide deaths among the elderlies and rural residents.Targeted intervention measures should be taken to further reduce the harm of suicide deaths according to the disparity in suicide methods among different groups.

关 键 词：自杀 死亡率 自杀方式 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]