再说拟声词“■”  

Re-discussion on the Onomatopoetic Words■

作　　者：崔山佳 CUI Shanjia

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学人文与传播学院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2021年第2期115-123,128,共10页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明清白话文献与吴语语法专题比较研究”(18BYY047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清白话文献中有拟声词"■",有的辞书释其义为"拳击声",不确,太过狭窄,有的辞书注其音为"pīpāi",也有学者将其等同于"乒乓",亦不确。清末美国学者睦礼逊《宁波方言字语汇解》注"■"音为"in?’-an?",义为"开门、关门声",这与明清白话文献中的"門"有别。现代宁波方言"■"音为"[■]",与"in?’-an?"相近,义同。据现有材料可证,清末以前,明清白话文献中的"■"为拟声词,"形容拳击声、打铁声及其他物体敲击声等",但音未能确定;清末以后,宁波方言中的""亦为拟声词,表示"开门、关门声",音为"[■]"。There are two onomatopoetic words■and■in Ming and Qing vernacular literature.Some dictionaries interpret it as"the sound of boxing",which is inaccurate and too narrow.Some dictionaries record its pronunciation as"pīpāi".Some scholars equate its pronunciation with"ping pong",which is also inaccurate.In The Vocabulary Explanation of Ningbo Dialect Words written by William T.Morrison(US)in the late Qing Dynasty,its pronunciation is"in■’-an■",and its meaning is"the sound of opening and closing doors",which is different from■in the Ming and Qing vernacular literature.In modern Ningbo dialect,■,pronounced as[i■445ã445],is similar to"in■’-an■"not only in pronunciation but in meaning.The materials available proved that:the meaning of■in the Ming and Qing vernacular literature was"onomatopoetic word,describing the sound of boxing,the sound of hammering iron and other objects,etc"before the late Qing Dynasty while its sound was indeterminable;from the late Qing Dynasty,■in Ningbo dialect means"onomatopoetic words,the sound of door and closing doors",pronounced as[i■445ã445].

关 键 词：“■” 拟声词 近代汉语 宁波方言 

分 类 号：H134[语言文字—汉语] H173