以“结婚”为手段套取车牌指标之行为定性研究  

Qualitative Study on the Act of Using“Marriage”as a Means to Obtain License Plate Index

作　　者：李瑞华 LI Rui-hua(School of Law, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,南京211189

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2021年第3期139-153,共15页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金重大招标课题“大数据与审判体系和审判能力现代化研究”(17ZDA131);2016年度国家社科基金一般项目“文化安全的刑法保护研究”(16BFX062)。

摘　　要：以“结婚”为手段套取小客车车牌指标之行为是否违法进而构成犯罪,以及该如何承担责任,须重点分析。就文书犯罪的保护法益而言,应将其确定为文书的保证功能,彰显文书本身之价值;在此指引下,不能将根据车牌指标通知书这种国家机关公文变更过户认定为买卖国家机关公文罪中的买卖行为。虽然从实质出罪论看来,行为人并不构成犯罪;但其频繁结婚即便不是通谋虚伪婚姻,从缓和违法性一元论看,变相过户车牌指标之行为仍具有民事违法性与行政违法性,应承担相应责任。由个案的分析展开,民法典时代须摈弃刑罚万能主义,更坚守刑法谦抑性,利用人性之民法成就物性刑法的人性价值取向。It is necessary to analyze whether the act of“marriage”as a means to obtain the license plate index is illegal and constitutes a crime,and how to be responsible for it.In terms of the protection of the legal interest of the instrument,it should be determined as the guarantee function of the instrument,highlighting the value of the instrument itself.Under this guidance,the change of the transfer of the official document of the state organ according to the notification of the license plate index cannot be considered as the act of sale in the crime of buying and selling the official document of the state organ.Although from the viewpoint of the theory of substantive criminality,the parties in this case do not constitute a crime;however,even if their frequent marriages are not conspiracies of false marriages,from the viewpoint of the monism of palliative illegality,the act of transferring license plate indexes in disguise still has civil and administrative illegality,and should bear the corresponding responsibility.From the analysis of the case,the civil code era must abandon the omnipotence of punishment,more firmly adhere to the modesty of criminal law,the use of human nature of the civil law to achieve the human value of material criminal law.

关 键 词：买卖国家机关公文 通谋虚伪结婚 法益侵害 出罪 社会治理 民法典 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]