地下水铀污染与饮用水中铀的健康风险  

Uranium contamination in groundwater and health risks of uranium in drinking water

作　　者：王煦栋 刘思金[2,3] 徐明 WANG Xudong;LIU Sijin;XU Ming(School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou,310024,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for EcoEnvironmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)

机构地区：[1]国科大杭州高等研究院,环境学院,杭州310024 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第6期1631-1642,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21922611);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2019042);中国科学院B类先导科技专项培育项目(XDPB2004);中国科学院生态环境研究中心臭氧追因与控制专项项目(RCEES-CYZX-2020)资助.

摘　　要：铀广泛存在于地壳中,是一种重要的战略资源.受自然和人为因素影响,铀可以被释放到天然水体中,造成地下水的铀污染,进而带来潜在的生态环境与人体健康风险.作为一种锕系元素,铀同时具有放射毒性与化学毒性.由于铀的天然同位素均具有较长的半衰期,且自然环境中铀的人体暴露具有低剂量、长周期的特点,地下水铀污染的健康风险主要体现为化学毒性.为更好地了解地下水铀污染的研究现状,本文综述了近年来针对地下水铀污染的最新研究进展.首先,简要概括了铀的物理化学性质和地质分布特征,以及地下水铀污染的主要来源.其次,重点介绍了饮用水铀暴露的人体健康风险及毒性作用机理.最后,对饮用水铀暴露的毒理健康研究相关的问题与挑战进行了展望.Uranium is ubiquitous in the earth’s crust as an important strategic resource.Affected by natural and anthropogenic factors,uranium can be released into natural water bodies and result in uranium contamination in groundwater,which in turn brings latent ecological and human health risks.As a naturally-occurring actinide element,uranium shows both radiotoxicity and chemotoxicity.The health risks of uranium in groundwater mainly embody its chemotoxicity,due to the long half-lives of its natural isotopes and characteristics of natural uranium exposure,i.e.lowdose and long-term.For a in-depth understanding of the current research status,the latest progress of uranium contamination in groundwater has been reviewed.Firstly,we briefly present the physicochemical properties and geological characteristics of uranium,as well as the sources of uranium contamination in groundwater.Secondly,we focus on the health risks and toxicological mechanisms of uranium in drinking water.Finally,the issues and challenges upon the health risks of uranium in drinking water are prospected.

关 键 词：地下水 饮用水 铀污染 健康风险 毒性机理 

分 类 号：TU991.15[建筑科学—市政工程] X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]