青藏高原地区主要疾病流行特征及健康评价方法  

Epidemic characteristics of major diseases in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region and health assessment methods

作　　者：秦毅 李倩倩[2,3] 苏贵金 王宇红[4] 孟晶 史斌[2,3] 刘旻霞[1] 孙博华 陶誉铭 代伶文[2] QIN Yi;LI Qianqian;SU Guijin;WANG Yuhong;MENG Jing;SHI Bin;LIU Minxia;SUN Bohua;TAO Yuming;DAI Lingwen(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China;Lanzhou Center for Disease Control&Prevention,Lanzhou,730030)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境纳米技术与健康效应重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]兰州市疾病预防控制中心,兰州730030

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第6期1668-1682,共15页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：科技部第二次青藏高原综合考察研究项目(2019QZKK0608)资助。

摘　　要：本文分析了西藏、青海和全国地区高原常见传染病、常规传染病和高原地方病的现状、流行特征以及致病原因.基于2002-2018年主要疾病流行特征,解析出西藏和青海地区目前主要传染病为病毒性肝炎和肺结核,两种主要传染病在西藏地区占比分别为28.1%和46.5%,在青海地区占比分别为46.1%、32.4%;主要地方病为慢性高原病、大骨节病等.分析了3类疾病在青藏高原区域及全国患病情况的时间变化趋势和空间分布差异,甄别了每种疾病主导致病因子,研究了疾病发病率的主要影响因素.针对性地提出了相应的解决策略.进一步归纳分析了健康量表法和健康指标体系法的评价原则、适用范围及优缺点,基于目前青藏高原地区的人文地理环境特点及疾病流行特征,提出了现阶段适用于青藏高原的健康评价方法的框架,研究结果对于提高青藏高原群众健康水平及促进纲要的顺利实施具有重要意义.Aiming to comprehensively improve the national health level,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)as well the State Council issued and further implemented the“Healthy China 2030”Plan on October 25,2016.However,Qinghai-Tibet plateau,as the largest one in China,has become a shortcoming of this campaign owing to the general poor health conditions in this area.This paper analyzed the present situation,epidemic characteristics,major pathogenic causes,common and endemic highland infectious diseases in Tibet,Qinghai,as well as other plateaus in China.According to the epidemic characteristics of major diseases from 2002 to 2018,the main infectious diseases in Tibet and Qinghai were viral hepatitis and tuberculosis.These two ones accounted for 28.1%,46.5%in Tibet and 46.1%,32.4%in Qinghai,respectively.The main endemic diseases were chronic mountain sickness,Kashin-Beck disease,etc.Besides,the temporal and spatial variation of the three diseases in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region and the whole country were summarized.The leading pathogenic factors of each disease were identified,and the main influencing factors of disease incidence were investigated in the meanwhile.Accordingly,corresponding solution strategies were put forward.Furthermore,the evaluation principles,scope of application,advantages and disadvantages of the health scale method and the health index system method were comprehensively reviewed based on the current characteristics of human geography and disease epidemics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.On these grounds,framework for current health evaluation method suitable for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was proposed.In general,the research is of immense significance for improving the health conditions of the people in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and will be instrumental in promoting the smooth implementation of the guidelines.

关 键 词：青藏高原 疾病流行特征 影响因素 健康评价方法 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]