开封市西瓜种植地土壤重金属污染及风险评价  

Sources of heavy metal pollution and risk assessment of soil in watermelon planting areas in Kaifeng City

作　　者：张成丽[1,2,3,4] 钱静 雷雨辰 聂建欣 马建华 张君丽[6] ZHANG Chengli;QIAN Jing;LEI Yuchen;NIE Jianxin;MA Jianhua;ZHANG Junli(College of Environment and Planning,Henan University,Kaifeng,475001,China;Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University),Ministry of Education,Henan University,Kaifeng,475001,China;National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning,Henan University,Kaifeng,475001,China;Henan Engineering Research Center for Control&Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution(Henan University),Kaifeng,475001,China;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement,School of Life Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng,475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学环境与规划学院,开封475001 [2]黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封475001 [3]河南大学环境与规划国家级实验教学示范中心,开封475001 [4]河南省高等学校工程技术研究中心环境与健康工程技术研究中心(河南大学),开封475001 [5]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433 [6]河南大学生命科学学院/作物逆境适应与改良国家重点实验室,开封475001

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第6期1714-1722,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(41601522);中国博士后科学基金(2017M612387);河南省博士后科研项目(001701033);2018年度河南省社科普及规划项目(1076)资助.

摘　　要：为了解开封市西瓜种植区土壤重金属污染特征,选取范村、西姜寨、杏花营、朱仙镇等4个乡镇西瓜种植区,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对种植区土壤样品中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等6种重金属进行检测分析.结果表明,以河南省A层土壤背景为依据,开封市西瓜地土壤重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb均不同程度的超出背景值.6种重金属的变异系数均在10%-100%之间,其中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb分别超出农用地土壤污染风险筛选值17.60%、0.75%、11.24%、13.11%、80.52%和0.75%.依照单因子指数法对各采样区土壤进行评价,西瓜种植区朱仙镇土壤Cr与Zn处于轻微污染,其余采样区无污染;各采样区Ni、Cu和Pb均处于无污染状态;Cd均处于轻微污染状态.内梅罗综合污染指数分析结果表明,西姜寨、杏花营、朱仙镇处于轻度污染状态,范村处于警戒级状态.潜在生态风险评价表明,西瓜种植区土壤Cd存在极强生态风险,其余均有轻微的生态风险,且Cd是构成生态危害的主要风险因子.由相关性以及主成分分析结果可知,pH与Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb均在0.01置信度水平下呈显著负相关,开封市西瓜种植地土壤重金属的污染源主要为农业源.In order to evaluate the soil heavy mental pollution and health risk of watermelon planting region in Kaifeng,four watermelon planting region including Zhuxianzhen,Fancun,Xijiangzhai and Xinghuaying in Kaifeng city was selected as the study area,and the contents of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb were monitored and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).The results showed that heavy metals of Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd and Pb were all exceeded the A layer soil background value of Henan Province to a varying degree.The coefficient of variation of the six heavy metals was between 10%and 100%.The over-standard rate of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in the soil was calculated to be 17.60%,0.75%,11.24%,13.11%,80.52%and 0.75%respectively,by“soil pollution risk screening value of agricultural land”.According to the single-factor exponential method,the Zhuxianzhen watermelon planting region was slightly polluted by Cr and Zn,the remaining sampling areas had not been polluted.All sampling areas had not been polluted by Ni,Cu and Pb,while slightly polluted by Cd.The analysis results of Nemeruo comprehensive pollution index showed that Xijiangzhai,Xinhuaying and Zhuxianzhen were in a state of light pollution,and Fancun was in a state of alert.Based on the calculation of the potential ecological risk index,it was found that strong ecological harm in the investigated region with Cd as the major pollution factor,and other metals were of slight risk to the environment.From the correlation analysis and principal component analysis,it could be seen that pH was significantly negatively correlated with Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn,Cd and Pb at the level of 0.01 confidence,the pollution sources of heavy metals were mainly agricultural sources in watermelon planting soil in Kaifeng City.

关 键 词：开封市 西瓜种植区 土壤重金属 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4