滇池重金属污染的分布、积累和风险评估  

Distribution,accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in Dianchi Lake

作　　者：李贝 道金荣 朱润云 何欢[1] 孟祥琪[1] 韩丰霞 LI Bei;DAO Jinrong;ZHU Runyun;HE Huan;MENG Xiangqi;HAN Fengxia(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,650500,China;Yunnan Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Kunming,650000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650500 [2]云南省农业技术推广总站,昆明650000

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第6期1808-1818,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(2019FB015)资助.

摘　　要：本文主要研究重金属在滇池水体、沉积物和3种典型野生鱼类(鲤鱼,鲫鱼和银鱼)中的积累水平,同时对滇池重金属污染的潜在健康风险进行评估.研究表明,滇池水体和表层沉积物中5种重金属的浓度大小顺序是一致的(Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd).自20世纪70年代以来,沉积物岩芯中的重金属含量显著增加,大多数表层沉积物中的重金属含量均高于当地背景土壤值.但3种典型野生鱼类中积累的重金属均没有超过中国政府部门设定的安全阈值.鱼类重金属的生物富集因子(BCF)变化很大,鱼体内肌肉的重金属的BCF的顺序为:Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr.此外,鱼类器官中重金属的平均含量遵循肝脏>腮>肌肉的顺序.健康风险评估表明,目前食用鱼对人类是较为安全的,但在长期食用过程中仍存在潜在的和可预测的健康风险.This article mainly discussed the associated migration of heavy metals and their cumulative levels of water,sediments,and three endemic wild fishes(Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,and Anabarilius alburnops)in Dianchi lake.Meanwhile,the possible health risks of heavy metal pollution in Dianchi lake were evaluated.The results revealed that five heavy metals detected in water and surface sediments were consistent with the order of Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd.Since 1970s,the levels of heavy metals increased significantly with depths in collected sediment cores,and the heavy metals in most surface sediments were greater than those in local background soils.However,the heavy metals accumulated in three endemic wild fishes did not exceed the safety thresholds established by China government departments.The bioconcentration factors of heavy metals in fish species varied from 0.74 to 36.47,and the order of BCF in fish body was in Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr.In addition,the mean concentration of heavy metals in fish organs followed the order of liver>gill>muscle.Health risk assessment indicated fish’s consumption was safety for human at present,but there would be a potential and predictably health risk in the process of human long-term consumption.

关 键 词：重金属污染 滇池 积累 生物富集 风险评估 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4