何以妖孽:对清代民初《文选》派的“考古学”考察  

Archaeological Investigation of Wenxuan School from the Qing Dynasty to the Early Republic of China

作　　者：郭宝军[1] GUO Bao-jun(Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心、选学与传统文化研究所

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期147-159,共13页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“文选汇校汇注”(14ZDB067)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：由辞章到学术,再由学术到辞章,是姚鼐一生两次重要的文化转向。姚鼐最先以辞章名世,拜师戴震被拒刺激他由辞章转向考据,然其考据实践及四库馆中被边缘化经历又促其从考据回归辞章,并汲汲营构了一个与汉学相抗衡的桐城文派的文统。桐城古文的兴盛及古文为文章正宗的理论促使阮元诸人从小学、《文选序》诸方面正本清源,欲将古文驱逐出文之系统,以此确立骈文的正统地位。桐城古文与骈文之争持续至清季民初的北京大学,以桐城派的最终退出北大讲坛结束。新文化运动则将二者视为“妖孽”、“谬种”,作为旧文化典型一并驱逐。骈文、古文,相争相成,本质是汉宋之争;新文化运动与《文选》派、桐城派之争,根本则在新旧之争。诸种对立冲突源自“不同时代的同时代性”,“同时代的不同时代性”。There are two significant cultural turns in Yao Nai’s life:one is from poetry and prose to academic,and the other is from academic back to poetry and prose.Yao Nai,known for his poetry and prose,wanted to learn from Dai Zhen but was refused.It caused his turn from prose creation to textual research.However,his practice of textual research was marginalized among masters compiling the Si Ku Quan Shu forced him back from textual research to prose creation,and finally constructed a Tongcheng literary tradition that rivaled Sinology.The prosperity of Tongcheng ancient prose and the idea that ancient prose is authentic prompted Ruan Yuan scholars to seek orthodoxy for parallel prose by expelling ancient prose from primary school and preface to Wen Xuan.The dispute between Tongcheng ancient prose and parallel prose lasted until the early Republic of China,which ended with Tongcheng School’s the withdrawal from the Peking University rostrum.However,the New Culture Movement regarded both two sides as typical“evil”or“fallacy”old culture and expelled them.The dispute between parallel prose and ancient prose is essentially the dispute between the Han and the Song Schools,while the dispute between the New Culture Movement and Wenxuan School and Tongcheng School is essentially the dispute between the classical and the new academic.All conflicts originate from“same times of the different era”and“different times of the same era”.

关 键 词：《文选》派 桐城派 选学妖孽 清代 民国 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]