我国31个城市饮用水氡浓度初步调查  

Preliminary investigation of radon concentration in drinking water in 31 cities of China

作　　者：武云云[1] 崔宏星[1] 尚兵[1] 张庆召[1] Wu Yunyun;Cui Hongxing;Shang Bing;Zhang Qingzhao(Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency,China CDC,National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2021年第5期358-362,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的初步调查我国城市饮用水氡水平、分布特征及其影响因素。方法按照行政区域采样,选择我国31个省会城市和直辖市,采集市政供水管网末梢水样品406份,基于RAD7 H2O测量装置,采取闭合回路液—气平衡法,利用抓取模式,通过半导体探测器探测气体回路中氡浓度,经过4个循环周期,推算饮用水氡浓度。结果31个城市饮用水中氡浓度算数均值为(4.92±9.44)Bq/L,几何均值为(0.71±7.77)Bq/L,范围为小于探测下限(LLD)~43.15 Bq/L。406份样品中,约84.2%的样品氡浓度小于美国环境保护署(EPA)推荐的饮用水氡浓度限值11.1 Bq/L。所有样品水氡浓度均低于欧盟推荐的饮用水氡浓度参考值100 Bq/L。结论我国城市饮用水氡浓度呈现东北、西北、西南、华北地区较高,华南、华中和华东地区较低的趋势,影响因素主要与地质结构、水源类型密切相关。与国际相比,我国城市饮用水氡浓度总体较低,处于安全水平。Objective To obtain the distribution characteristics of radon levels in drinking water in cities of China and analysis their influencing factors.Methods A total of 31 cities were selected and 406 tap water samples were collected in accordance with the sampling plan based on administrative division.Radon concentrations in the water samples were determined by using RAD7 H2O measuring devices,and the closed loop liquid-gas balance method and grab method.The radon concentrations in the gas loop were measured by using semiconductor detector.After four measurement periods,radon concentrations in water were calculated.Results The arithmetic mean of radon concentrations in drinking water from 31 cities was(4.92±9.44)Bq/L and the geometric mean(0.71±7.77)Bq/L,ranging from less than the lower detection limit(LLD)to 43.15 Bq/L.For 84.2%of drinking water samples,radon concentrations were less than US EPA recommended 11.1 Bq/L,all lower than the EU-recommended value of 100 Bq/L.Conclusions The radon concentrations in drinking water are higher in northeastern,northwestern,southwestern,northern China than those in southern,central China and eastern China.The factors influencing radon concentrations in drinking water are closely related to geological structure and water source type.Compared with the global values,the radon concentrations in drinking water in our cities are low and safe in general in China.

关 键 词：城市 饮用水 市政供水 氡浓度 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R123