增施秸秆有机肥及减施化肥对玉米产量形成和肥料偏生产力的影响  

Effects of Increasing Straw Organic Fertilizer and Decreasing Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Yield Formation and Feitilizer Partial Factor Productivity in Black Soil Area

作　　者：郝玉波[1] 李梁[1] 于洋[1] 钱春荣[1] 宫秀杰[1] 姜宇博[1] 吕国依[1] 谢连杰[2] HAO Yu-bo;LI Liang;YU Yang;QIAN Chun-rong;GONG Xiu-jie;JIANG Yu-bo;LYU Guo-yi;XIE Lian-jie(Institute of Crop Farming and Cultivation,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150028,China;Shandong Zhaoyuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yantai 265400,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150028 [2]山东省招远市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台265400

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2021年第7期15-18,共4页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX12-01,HNK2019CX1302);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201803);黑龙江省农业科学院高效、绿色现代农业示范项目(TYG-2019-09);国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(31501252)。

摘　　要：为提高黑土区玉米田肥料利用率并提升地力,本研究采用常规施肥(缓释肥,29-10-13,600 kg·hm^(-2))为对照(CK),设置4个不同秸秆有机肥+减施化肥处理,分析玉米植株农艺性状、叶片SPAD值、产量构成及肥料偏生产力,评价玉米田增施秸秆有机肥和减施化肥对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,秸秆有机肥+减肥20%处理(T2)玉米产量增加10.6%,秸秆有机肥+减肥30%和50%处理(T3、T4)均未降低玉米产量;3个秸秆有机肥+减肥处理(T2、T3、T4)提高了叶片SPAD值,株高和产量构成要素较CK无显著差异;相比于常规施肥,秸秆有机肥+叶面肥处理(T1)叶片黄化,叶片SPAD值降低,穗长和行粒数减少,显著减产46.9%。3个秸秆有机肥+减肥处理(T2、T3、T4)氮肥偏生产力分别较对照提高38.4%、41.6%和100.5%。在本试验条件下,不使用化肥仅依靠秸秆有机肥和叶面肥,无法满足玉米需肥水平而严重减产,同时减化肥20%~50%配施秸秆有机肥可实现玉米减肥不减产且能提高肥料偏生产力。In order to improve fertilizer utilization rate and soil fertility in black soil area,the field experiment was set as follows.Conventional fertilizer application(slow-release fertilizer,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=29∶10∶13,600 kg·hm^(-2))was used as control(CK),and four treatments with increasing straw organic fertilizer and decreasing chemical fertilizer(T1,T2,T3 and T4)were set to analyze the agronomic traits of plants,leaf SPAD value,yield and fertilizer partial factor productivity,and to evaluate the effects of increasing straw organic fertilizer and decreasing chemical fertilizer on plant growth and yield formation of maize.Compared with CK,maize yield increased by 10.6%after straw organic fertilizer+20%chemical fertilizer reduction(T2),while maize yield did not reduce after straw organic fertilizer+30%and 50%chemical fertilizer reduction(T3 and T4).The SPAD value of leaves increased after T2,T3 and T4 treatments,and the plant height and yield components remained the same.Compared with CK,after straw organic fertilizer+foliar fertilizer treatment(T1),maize leaf became etiolating,meanwhile SPAD value,ear length and row number of grains decreased,so as to yield reduced by 46.9%significantly.The nitrogen partial factor productivity of T2,T3 and T4 treatments increased by 38.4%,41.6%and 100.5%respectively.Under the condition of this experiment,without the use of chemical fertilizer,only relying on straw organic fertilizer and foliar fertilizer could not meet the fertilizer required level of maize,which resulted in serious yield reduction.Chemical fertilizer reduced by 20%-50%combined with increasing straw organic fertilizer could achieve stable yield and improve fertilizer partial factor productivity.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆有机肥 肥料偏生产力 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]