草鱼养殖模式对气单胞菌属细菌群落影响分析  

Effects of Different Intensive Grass Carp Culture Modes on Aeromonas Community

作　　者：徐先栋 付辉云[2] 欧阳敏[2] 万国湲 饶毅 黄江峰[2] 周智勇[2] 刘礼辉[1] XU Xiandong;FU Huiyun;OUYANG Min;WAN Guoyuan;RAO Yi;HUANG Jiangfeng;ZHOU Zhiyong;LIU Lihui(Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China;Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute, Nanchang 330039, China;Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330201, China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部渔用药物创制重点实验室,广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]江西省水产科学研究所,江西南昌330039 [3]江西省养蜂研究所,江西南昌330052

出　　处：《水产科学》2021年第4期577-582,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：农业农村部渔用药物创制重点实验室,广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室2019年度开放基金资助项目(201905);江西省现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX201602-05);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-03).

摘　　要：为研究草鱼池塘精养、山塘养殖以及鱼菜共生养殖3种养殖模式下气单胞属细菌群落特征差异,2017年5—7月(养殖投喂旺盛期)用采水器在池塘两端和中部采集表层15 cm处水样,混合均匀后,装入灭菌塑料瓶中,低温保存;在池塘两端和中部用采泥器采集表层底泥,现场各无菌称取5 g底泥,置于装有135 mL的无菌生理盐水的塑料瓶中,振荡混匀,低温保存。水样和底泥样4 h内带回实验室,利用RS平板分离法分离水体和底泥样本中的细菌,通过16S rDNA测序方法鉴定、分析分离细菌。试验结果表明,共分离细菌54株,为10属22种,其中气单胞菌属23株,假单胞菌属8株,柠檬酸杆菌属6株,肠杆菌属7株,泛菌属、沙雷氏菌属各3株,果胶杆菌属、沙门氏菌属、克吕沃尔菌属、勒克氏菌属细菌各1株。按细菌种类分,维氏气单胞菌数量最多,为12株,嗜水气单胞菌次之,为10株,烟粉肠杆菌6株,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌5株,其他细菌1~2株不等。不同养殖模式下细菌种类和数量分析表明,鱼菜共生养殖系统细菌种类和数量最多,达到12种21株,潜在致病菌占比较少,草鱼精养殖池塘细菌种类最少,为5种13株,致病菌占比较高。细菌环境分布特征表明,维氏气单胞菌多分布在水体,嗜水气单胞菌多分布于底泥中。The abundance and diversity of Aeromonas bacteria were investigated in water samples collected at 15 cm of the surface at both ends and the middle of the pond,and sediment samples in three culture modes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus ponds including intensive formulated feed pond,ryegrass and other forages mountain pond,and grass carp,fish and vegetable symbiosis(aquaponic)pond from May to July 2017(the period of vigorous breeding and feeding)by RS plate separation method and by 16S rDNA sequencing.The results showed that a total of 54 strains of bacteria were isolated,and divided into 10 genera and 22 species,with 23 Aeromonas strains,8 Pseudomonas strains,6 Citrobacter strains,7 Enterobacter strains,3 Pantoea strains and 3 Serratia strains.There was 1 strain of bacteria in genera such as Pectinobacterium,Salmonella,Kluyverella and Leclercia,with the maximal number of Aeromonas veronii(12 strains),followed by A.hydrophila(10 strains).There were 6 strains of E.tabaci,5 strains of C.freundii,and 1 or 2 of other strains.The analysis of bacterial species and quantity in different modes revealed that there was the most bacterial species and quantity(12 species and 21 strains),and the least pathogenic bacteria in the aquaponics system.The least bacterial species(5 species and 13 strains)and higher proportion of pathogenic bacteria was observed in the intensive grass carp culture pond with commercial feed.The distribution characteristics of bacteria showed that A.veronii was mostly distributed in water,and A.hydrophila was mostly found in sediment.

关 键 词：养殖模式 鱼菜共生 细菌分布 气单胞菌属 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]