应用超声心动图评价中国优秀女子足球运动员心脏结构及功能  

Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function of Chinese Elite Female Footballers Using Echocardiographic Examination

作　　者：刘志鹏 冯杰莉[1] 赵威[1] 冯新恒[1] 王启荣[2] 王新宇[1] 徐顺霖[1] Liu Zhipeng;Feng Jieli;Zhao Wei;Feng Xinheng;Wang Qirong;Wang Xinyu;Xu Shunlin(Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science,Ministry of Education,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research,Beijing 100191,China;Institute ofSports Medicine,General Administration ofSports ofChina,Beijing 100763,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院心内科、血管医学研究所,国家卫生健康委心血管分子生物学与调节肽重点实验室,分子心血管学教育部重点实验室,心血管受体研究北京市重点实验室,北京100191 [2]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2021年第4期265-269,共5页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：北京大学第三医院临床重点项目(BYSY2016015)。

摘　　要：目的:采用超声心动图评价中国优秀女子足球运动员心脏结构和功能。方法:纳入28名专业女子足球运动员为研究组,年龄25.2±3.4岁,技术等级专业二级以上,运动年限14.2±3.4年;选取28名年龄、体表面积(BSA)相匹配的长期静坐健康女性志愿者为对照组。所有受试者进行超声心动图检查,测量心脏结构和功能的各项指标。结果:与对照组相比,经BSA矫正后女子足球运动员主动脉根部径、主肺动脉内径、左房前后径、左房面积、右房面积、右室舒张末期前后径、右室舒张末期中段横径、右室舒张末期基底段横径、左室舒张末期前后径、左室收缩末期前后径、左室心肌重量指数均增大(P<0.01);右室舒张末期上下径增大(P<0.05);舒张末期前室间隔厚度、舒张末期后室间隔厚度、舒张末期后壁厚度、左室壁厚度,左室相对室壁厚度均增加(P<0.01);三尖瓣环收缩期位移增大(P<0.01),二尖瓣瓣口舒张早期血流速度/二尖瓣瓣口舒张晚期血流速度增大(P<0.05);而左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短分数、左室舒张末期前后径/右室舒张末期前后径减小(P<0.01)。结论:运动员左室壁厚度和心肌质量增加,左右心室增大,为运动的良性适应性反应,运动对右心室的重塑较左心室更为显著。超声心动图在运动员心脏监测中有优势,可用于指导科学训练和医学监督。Objective To assess the cardiac structure and function of Chinese elite female footballers using the echocardiographic examination. Methods Twenty-eight Chinese elite female footballers were selected into the study group,while another 28 healthy sedentary counterparts in the age and body surface area(BSA) were chosen into the control group. All participants underwent echocardiographic examination to measure morphological and functional parameters of four cardiac chambers. Results Compared with the control group,a significant increase was observed in the average aortic root dimension,main pulmonary artery dimension, left atrial(LA) anteroposterior dimension, LA area, right atrial area,right ventricular(RV) end-diastolic dimension(RVEDD),RV end-diastolic longitudinal dimension,RV end-diastolic middle cavity dimension,RV end-diastolic basal cavity dimension,left ventricular(LV)end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),LV end-systolic dimension,LV myocardial mass index,interventricular septum thickness, posterior interventricular septum thickness, LV posterior wall thickness, LV wall thickness,LV relative wall thickness,tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and Doppler velocity of transmitral E/A ratio(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover,a significant decrease was found in the average LV eject fraction, LV short axis shortening fraction and the ratio of LVEDD/RVEDD(P<0.01). Conclusion The benign adaptive remodeling response is observed in the hearts of athletes,including the increased left ventricular wall thickness,myocardial mass and the dimension of both left and right ventricles. The remodeling of the right ventricle is more significant than the left. Echocardiography is of advantages in the cardiac monitoring of athletes and can be used in the guidance of scientific training and medical supervision.

关 键 词：运动员心脏 女子足球运动员 超声心动图 

分 类 号：R540.45[医药卫生—心血管疾病] G843[医药卫生—内科学]