修辞的转义与话语的遗迹:福柯《知识考古学》中的“档案”概念解码  

Transferred Meaning of Rhetoric and Monuments of Discourse:Decoding the Concept of Archives in Foucault's Archaeology of Knowledge

作　　者：杨光[1] 陈梦瑶 YANG Guang;CHEN Mcngyao(School of Information Resource Management,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;College of International Studies,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京100872 [2]扬州大学外国语学院,扬州225127

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2021年第4期10-19,共10页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于国家认同视阈的家族档案研究”(18BTQO95)。

摘　　要：对《知识考古学》中“档案”概念的准确解读是传播和应用福柯档案思想的前提。通过文献研究,从文法和内涵两个方面阐述了福柯在《知识考古学》中对“档案”这一词语的创造性误用。福柯借助修辞的转义首次将“档案”锻造为哲学概念,建构了一种全新的意义与自洽的逻辑。福柯只保留了“档案”作为物时本身固有的组织方式和空间形象,并在对“语言”与“话语”、“历史学”与“考古学”、“文献”与“遗迹”等术语进行转换与误用的过程中,为“档案”的内涵、研究方式、表征形态注入了新的含义。“档案(馆)”成为特定时代文化模式的抽象概括,扮演着“历史先验”的角色,定义了认知领域的整体结构及其自我运转的秩序,并生成了各种知识形态的遗迹。由于福柯对“档案”概念的再造,以及他对档案实物遗迹的考古,这些冠以“档案”之名又“反档案”的理论和研究实践与档案学形成了一种张力。梳理福柯的档案思想对于档案学的跨学科汲养、档案研究的历史观和方法论的更新、档案文化研究的批判都具有启发意义。An accurate interpretation of the concept of archives in Archaeology of Knowledge is one of the prerequisites for the dissemination and application of Foucault's archival thoughts.Through literature research,this paper expounds Foucault's creative misuse of the word“archives”in Archaeology of Knowledge from two aspects of grammar and connotation.Foucault,for the first time,forged archives into a philosophical concept by means of rhetorical transfer through rhetoric,and constructed a new meaning and self-consistent logic.Foucault only retained the inherent organization and spatial image of archives as a thing,and in the process of conversion and misuse of terms such as language and discourse,history and archaeology,documents and monuments,he injected new meaning into the connotation,research methods and representation forms of archives.Archives has become an abstract summary of the cultural model of a specific era,playing the role of a priori of history,defining the overall structure of the cognitive field and the order of its self-operation,and generating the remains of various forms of knowledge.Because of Foucault's reconstruction of the concept of archives and his archaeology of the physical remains of archives,the theory and research practice of anti-archives in the name of archives have formed a tension with archival science.It is instructive for the interdisciplinary development of archival science,the renewal of historical view and methodology of archival research,and the criticism of archival culture research to sort out Foucault's archival thoughts.

关 键 词：话语遗迹 修辞转义 档案概念 

分 类 号：G270[文化科学—档案学]