植物五环三萜类化合物生物合成途径研究进展  

Research progress on biosynthesis pathway of pentacyclic triterpenoids in plants

作　　者：李传旺 张贺 饶攀 郑东然 王宇 李玉花[1,2] LI Chuan-wang;ZHANG He;RAO Pan;ZHENG Dong-ran;WANG Yu;LI Yu-hua(Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization,Harbin 150040,China;Key Laboratory of Saline‐alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration,Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin150040,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省植物天然活性物质的生物合成与利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学东北盐碱植被恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中草药》2021年第11期3436-3452,共17页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发重大项目(GA16C106);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2572016BA06,2572018CP04)。

摘　　要：五环三萜类化合物是一类重要的植物次生代谢产物,由6个异戊二烯单元组成,在自然界中普遍存在,具有广泛的药理作用。五环三萜类化合物结构丰富多样,根据其苷元的不同,可分为齐墩果烷型、羽扇豆烷型、乌苏烷型和木栓烷型4大类。植物五环三萜类化合物主要由甲羟戊酸途径和戊糖磷酸途径合成,2,3-环氧角鲨烯前体在氧化鲨烯环化酶的作用下环化为不同的骨架,继而在细胞色素P450以及糖基转移酶的修饰下形成多种皂苷。综述了植物五环三萜类化合物生物合成途径的研究进展,对参与合成途径的关键家族基因进行系统分析和催化机制的解读,为寻找未知五环三萜类化合物生物合成途径关键基因和五环三萜化合物异源生物合成提供参考。Pentacyclic triterpenoids are secondary metabolites from plants composed of six isoprene units,which are ubiquitous in nature with extensive pharmacological effects. Pentacyclic triterpenoids display a variety of structures. Based on the carbon skeleton,they are divided into four common subgroups: oleanane,lupane,ursane,and xylene. Biosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in plants proceeds via mevalonate pathway and 2-C-methyl-derythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Under the catalysis of oxidosqualene cyclase,2,3-oxidosqualene is biosynthetically oxidized to various cyclic triterpene skeletons. Cyclized triterpenes are further oxidized by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and subsequently glycosylated by uridine diphosphate-glucosyltransferases to form various saponins. Research progress on biosynthesis pathway of pentacyclic triterpenoids in plants are reviewed in this paper. In addition,key family genes involved in the synthesis pathway are systematically analyzed and catalytic mechanism is interpreted,in order to provide a reference for finding key genes for biosynthesis pathway of pentacyclic triterpenoids and heterobiosynthesis of pentacyclic triterpenoids.

关 键 词：五环三萜 氧化鲨烯环化酶 细胞色素P450 糖基转移酶 生物合成 

分 类 号：R284.3[医药卫生—中药学]