锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展  

Advances on tin-based perovskite solar cells

作　　者：王程博 顾飞丹 卞祖强[1] 刘志伟[1] Chengbo Wang;Feidan Gu;Zuqiang Bian;Zhiwei Liu(Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,稀土材料化学及应用国家重点实验室,北京分子科学国家研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第17期2129-2138,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(6193501,621771008)资助。

摘　　要：有机-无机杂化钙钛矿具有优异的光吸收性能和较高的载流子迁移率等优点,相应的钙钛矿太阳能电池在经历短短11年的发展后,光电转换效率已接近单晶硅电池.同时,制备工艺简单、生产成本低等优势令钙钛矿太阳能电池具有极大的商业潜力.然而,存在于传统钙钛矿太阳能电池中铅的毒性仍是限制其大规模生产最重要的阻碍之一.低毒性的锡基钙钛矿继承了铅基钙钛矿绝大部分优异的光电性能,目前最高的光电转换效率已超过13%,但与铅基相比还有一定差距.本文首先介绍锡基钙钛矿的结构和性质,然后分别从添加剂和组分调控两个角度综述锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池近年来的重要研究进展,最后总结该领域存在的挑战和发展方向.Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been a focus in the photovoltaic research field due to their remarkable advantages such as tunable direct bandgap,low exciton binding energy,high light harvesting,and so on.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of lead(Pb)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been rapidly raised from 3.8%to 25.5%over the decades.With the advantages of a simple preparation process and low production cost,PSCs have great potential in commercialization.However,the toxicity of lead in traditional PSCs limits their large-scale production.Among all leadfree perovskites,the tin-based one inherits the majority of the excellent photoelectric properties of lead-based perovskites.However,the maximum PCE of tin-based PSCs has only exceeded 13%.Although the electronic structure of Sn^(2+)is similar to that of Pb^(2+),it is easy to be oxidized to Sn^(4+),and the formation energy of Sn vacancy defects is low,resulting in heavy p-doping in tin-based perovskite films.The background carrier concentrations of tin-based perovskites are as high as 10^(18)-10^(20) cm^(-3),which makes photo-generated carriers easy to be recombined.Tin-based perovskites usually experience single-molecule recombination,accompanied by a small amount of bi-molecular recombination,and Auger recombination is negligible.Therefore,reducing recombination in tin-based perovskites is to suppress the single-molecule recombination.At present,additive engineering and component modification strategies are mainly adopted to inhibit carrier recombination in tin-based PSCs.Additive engineering includes tin compensating additives,reducing additives and some other additives which interact with perovskites.Theories and experiments show that adding tin compensating additives in precursor solution can effectively improve the chemical potential of Sn and increase the formation energy of tin vacancies.Although the work mechanism of stannous halide as an additive is not fully understood,it has become an indispensable part to prepare high performance tin-

关 键 词：太阳能电池 锡基钙钛矿 添加剂 组分调控 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]