4种肥料对设施菜地土壤性质和小白菜生长的影响  

Effects of Four Kinds of Fertilizers on Soil Properties and the Growth of Brassica chinensis L.in Vegetable Greenhouses

作　　者：侯宪文[1,2] 李云霞 唐超[1] 邢楚明[1] 符瑞益[1] 李光义[1,2] HOU Xianwen;LI Yunxia;TANG Chao;XING Chuming;FU Ruiyi;LI Guangyi(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,CATAS,Haikou 571101,China;Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Danzhou 571737,China;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation,Design and Research Co.Ltd.(BIDR),Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口571101 [2]农业农村部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737 [3]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津300222

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第6期64-71,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2019071);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630042021002)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究4种肥料施用后对设施菜地土壤性质、小白菜产量及品质的影响,为设施菜地土壤的科学改良提供参考依据。【方法】以羊粪、生物有机肥、矿源腐植酸钾和酸化土壤调理剂为供试肥料,研究其对设施菜地退化土壤pH值、EC值、碱解氮含量,以及小白菜产量和品质的影响。【结果】施用羊粪5000、10000 kg/hm^(2),土壤pH值比常规施肥(CK)分别提高0.58和0.81,土壤速效钾含量比CK分别提高43.0%和78.2%,羊粪施用量增加1倍可显著提升土壤EC值和碱解氮含量;施用生物有机肥3000、6000 kg/hm^(2),土壤pH值比CK分别提高0.71和0.81;施用矿源腐植酸钾300 kg/hm^(2)+酸化土壤调理剂1200 kg/hm^(2)、矿源腐植酸钾600 kg/hm^(2)+酸化土壤调理剂2400 kg/hm^(2),土壤pH值比CK分别提高0.99和1.00,土壤EC值、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随“矿源腐植酸钾+酸化土壤调理剂”施用量的增加而显著升高,而仅施用矿源腐植酸钾对土壤基本性质无显著影响。施用羊粪的第1茬小白菜产量提高33.7%和11.6%,硝酸盐含量降低23.4%和8.3%;施用“矿源腐植酸钾+酸化土壤调理剂”使小白菜Vc含量提高66.6%和105.1%,但施用量增加对小白菜产量和品质无明显提升效果。在种植第2茬小白菜时,4种肥料对其影响不显著。【结论】设施菜地底肥施用羊粪或“矿源腐植酸钾+酸化土壤调理剂”对土壤性质改善和蔬菜产量、品质提升效果显著,用量以羊粪5000 kg/hm^(2)或矿源腐植酸钾600 kg/hm^(2)+酸化土壤调理剂2400 kg/hm^(2)的组合为宜。【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the effects of four kinds of fertilizers on soil properties and Brassica chinensis L.yield and quality in vegetable greenhouses in order to provide reference basis for scientific improvement of soil in vegetable greenhouses.【Method】Sheep manure,bio-organic fertilizer,mineral potassium humate and acidified soil conditioner were used as tested fertilizers and B.chinensis L.was used as tested crop.The effects resulting from the four kinds of fertilizers on the pH value,EC value and contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen of soils in vegetable greenhouses were studied.Meanwhile,the variations of B.chinensis L.yield and quality were studied.【Result】The application of sheep manure with 5000 kg/hm^(2) and 10000 kg/hm^(2) increased the soil pH value by 0.58 and 0.81,and increased the available potassium content by 43.0%and 78.2%respectively compared with conventional fertilization(CK).The EC value and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of the soil increased significantly with the application of sheep manure doubled.The application of bio-organic fertilizer with 3000 kg/hm^(2) and 6000 kg/hm^(2) increased the soil pH value by 0.71 and 0.81 respectively compared with CK.The application of“mineral potassium humate 300 kg/hm^(2)+acidified soil conditioner 1200 kg/hm^(2)”and“mineral potassium humate 600 kg/hm^(2)+acidified soil conditioner 2400 kg/hm^(2)”increased the soil pH value by 0.99 and 1.00 respectively compared with CK.The EC value,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content,available phosphorus content and available potassium content of the soil significantly rose with the increase of“mineral potassium humate+acidified soil conditioner”application,but the only application of mineral potassium humate had no significant effect on soil basic properties.The application of sheep manure increased the yield of the first crop of B.chinensis L.by 33.7%and 11.6%,and reduced the nitrate content by 23.4%and 8.3%.The application of“mineral potassium humate+acidified

关 键 词：小白菜 设施栽培 土壤改良 土壤性质 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S634.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]