黑龙江省作物秸秆养分资源时空特征及替代化肥潜力  

Spatial and temporal characteristics of crop straw nutrient resources and potential of nutrient substitution in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：郝小雨[1] HAO Xiaoyu(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2021年第3期1-7,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX1310);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFD0300503-02)

摘　　要：黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源丰富,明确秸秆资源特征及其养分替代利用潜力,对于黑龙江省养分资源管理、农田土壤培肥和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以黑龙江省主要农作物玉米、水稻、大豆和小麦为研究对象,基于黑龙江省统计年鉴数据,采用草谷比法和系数法分别估算了秸秆资源量和秸秆养分资源量,分析了黑龙江省秸秆资源演变特征和有效养分量。结果表明:1980年到2018年黑龙江省主要农作物秸秆资源量表现为前期缓、后期快的波动上升趋势。2018年秸秆资源量达到了8523.0万t,玉米秸秆资源量占到总量的57.5%,水稻占30.9%,大豆为11.1%,小麦为0.5%。黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源存在区域特征:玉米秸秆主要分布在黑龙江省南部和西部,水稻秸秆主要分布在黑龙江南部和东部,大豆秸秆主要分布在黑龙江北部和西部,小麦秸秆主要分布在黑龙江北部。哈尔滨市、齐齐哈尔市、绥化市、佳木斯市和农垦总局的秸秆资源量最高,占比76.0%。2018年秸秆全部还田后的氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))和钾(K_(2)O)有效养分资源量分别为27.6、10.0和77.3万t,分别可替代24.8%的氮肥、13.0%的磷肥、135.7%的钾肥。黑龙江省化肥可替代率最高的地区为鸡西市、大兴安岭地区和伊春市,其它地区仍具有较大的提升潜力。因此,黑龙江省秸秆资源丰富,具有较强的化肥替代潜力,合理利用秸秆养分资源是实现黑龙江省肥料减施增效的重要途径。Heilongjiang Province is rich in crop straw resources,and it is important to clarify the characteristics of straw resources and the potential of nutrient substitution and utilization for the management of nutrient resources,fertilization of farmland soil and agricultural sustainable development in Heilongjiang Province.In this study,we selected main crops such as corn,rice,soybean and wheat as study subjects in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the statistical yearbook data of Heilongjiang Province during the 1980—2019 period,straw resources and straw nutrient resources were estimated by using the straw-to-grain ratio method and coefficient method,the evolution characteristics and effective nutrient contents of straw resources in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed,and some suggestions for rational utilization of straw were put forward.The results indicated that the main crop straw resources in Heilongjiang Province showed a slow and rapid upward trend in the early and late stages from 1980 to 2018.In 2018,the straw yield reached 85.23 million tons,with corn straw accounting for 57.5%,rice 30.9%,soybean 11.1%and wheat 0.5%of the total straw yield in Heilongjiang Province,respectively.The regional characteristics of crop straw resources in Heilongjiang Province are as follows:corn straw is mainly distributed in the south and west of Heilongjiang Province,rice straw is mainly distributed in the south and east of Heilongjiang Province,soybean straw is mainly distributed in the north and west of Heilongjiang Province,and wheat straw is mainly distributed in the north of Heilongjiang Province.Region of Harbin,Qiqihar,Suihua,Jiamusi and Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau had the highest amount of straw resources,accounting for 76.0%of the total straw yield.The available nutrient resources of N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O were 27.6 million,10.0 million and 77.3 million tons,which could replace 24.8%nitrogen fertilizer,13.0%phosphate fertilizer and 135.7%potassium fertilizer,respectively.The areas with the highest chem

关 键 词：黑龙江省 秸秆资源 秸秆还田 养分替代 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]