间作黄豆、花生对核桃幼苗及土壤化学性质的影响  

Effects of intercropping soybean and peanut on walnut seedlings and soil chemical properties

作　　者：刘凯 李津津 赵星哲 王芳 王红霞[2] 张俊佩[3] 马庆国[3] 张志华[2] LIU Kai;LI Jinin;ZHAO Xingzhe;WANG Fang;WANG Hongxia;ZHANG Junpei;MA Qingguo;ZHANG Zhihua(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agriculture University,Baoding 071001,China;Mountainous Areas Research Institute,Hebei Agricultural University/Research Center for Agricultural Engineering Technology of Mountain District of Hebei/National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas,Baoding 071001,China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北农业大学山区研究所/河北省山区农业工程技术研究中心/国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001 [3]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所/国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2021年第3期22-28,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001603);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2019204270);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326352D)。

摘　　要：为研究间作黄豆与间作花生2种模式对核桃幼苗生长发育及土壤化学性质的影响,改善土壤肥力、提高经济效益,以当年播种核桃园为对象,以无间作核桃园为对照,通过田间调查与实验室检测方法,对间作后核桃幼苗生长特征与土壤化学性质变化进行分析,并通过SPSS 17.0软件进行主成分分析及综合评价。研究结果表明:间作黄豆、间作花生对核桃幼苗株高、干径及叶片中部分矿质元素影响显著,间作黄豆、花生的核桃幼苗株高较对照分别增大了27.66%、16.88%,干茎较对照分别增大了49.84%、46.07%。间作对土壤中pH、含水量、有机质、全氮、全磷及钾、钙、镁、锌4种矿质元素含量影响较大。其中,间作后pH显著增大,含水量显著减少。通过主成分分析综合评价,认为间作黄豆的得分最高,间作花生次之,但都比无间作得分要高。因此,在核桃建园幼苗期间可以间作黄豆或花生,可改善土壤营养状况,为幼苗生长提供一个营养丰富的生长环境,以提高经济效益。The research aims to study the effects of intercropping soybean and intercropping peanut modes on the growth and development of walnut seedlings and soil chemical properties,and to improve soil fertility and economic benefits.The walnut orchard sown in the present year was taken as the object,and the walnut orchard with no intercropping was taken as the control to study the growth characteristics of walnut seedlings and changes in soil chemical properties after intercropping through field investigation and laboratory testing methods.Comprehensive evaluation and principal component analysis were performed by the SPSS 17.0 software.The results showed that the effects of intercropping soybeans and peanuts on walnut seedling plant height,dry diameter and some mineral elements in seedling leaves reached significant difference.The walnut plant height with intercropping soybeans and intercropping peanut increased by 27.66%and 16.88%,respectively.Compared with the control,the walnut trunk increased by 49.84%and 46.07%,respectively.Intercropping has a great impact on soil pH,water content,organic matter,the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,and zinc.Among them,the pH increased significantly after intercropping and the water content was significantly reduced.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis,it was concluded that intercropping soybean mode had the highest score,followed by intercropping peanut mode,but all had higher scores than non-intercropping mode.Therefore,the intercropping of soybean or peanut during the seedling construction of walnut orchard can improve the soil nutritional status,provide a nutrient-rich growth environment for the growth of seedlings,and improve economic benefits.

关 键 词：核桃 间作 土壤 幼苗 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]