新疆南部黑颈鹤种群分布及数量  

Numbers and distribution of the Black-necked Crane(Grus nigricollis)in the southern Xinjiang

作　　者：马鸣[1] 张同[1] 徐峰[1] Ming MA;Tong ZHANG;Feng XU(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2014年第S01期105-110,共6页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：香港观鸟会中国自然保育基金(2012)资助;国家自然科学基金项目(31272291,30970340);国家科技支撑项目(2008BAC39B04)等的支持。

摘　　要：黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)是青藏高原特有物种,在新疆主要分布在与青海、西藏、甘肃相邻的阿尔金山、昆仑山、帕米尔高原及喀喇昆仑山地区。2010—2013年,采用路线调查法、直接计数法和扫描观测法等,对该地区黑颈鹤的地理分布、家庭组成、种群结构、数量动态、繁殖行为、生存现状等进行了详细调查。在乌尊硝尔、玉素甫阿勒克、鸭子泉、祁曼塔格、吐拉牧场等地的湿地中,都有黑颈鹤分布。该次调查样点25个及观测164次,共记录到黑颈鹤173只,其中,在依协克帕提湿地(N37°18',E90°20',海拔3903 m),最多一次记录到126只黑颈鹤集群,估计在整个昆仑山—阿尔金山地区共有黑颈鹤220~260只。结合早期的科学考察记录,推测整个新疆的黑颈鹤数量在300~380只。2011年11月6日黑颈鹤全部迁徙离开这一地区,与到达贵州、云南越冬地的时间衔接。此外,我们还在阿尔金山保护区观察到灰鹤3只和蓑羽鹤1只。鹤类面临的威胁来自违法采矿、过度放牧、生态旅游、盗猎(包括捡蛋、毁巢)。The Black-necked Crane(Grus nigricollis)is the endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and the population in Xinjiang is mainly distributed in the regions of Pamir,Karakorum,Kunlun and Altun Mountains.A survey on the distribution,population size,population fluctuation,behavior character,breeding ecology and conservation strategy was conducted from 2010 to 2013.Population size and distribution in this area was investigated with direct count methods.At a total of 25 sampling sites,164 observations were made during this period.We found 173 Black-necked Cranes on the wetlands of Wuzunxiaoer,Tiemulike,Yusup Aleksei,Yaziquan,Qimantag,Tula Ranch and so on.126 individuals were recorded in the Yixiekepati wetlands(N37°15'﹣37°23',E90°11'﹣90°20',elevation 3,903 m),which is the largest population we have observed in this area.Combined with the previous records,we concluded that there are about 220-260 individuals of Black-necked Cranes in this region.The population size was estimated of 300-380 individuals in the whole Xinjiang.The numbers of family members varied from one to four,and those four types of families accounted for 5.9%,60.3%,29.4%and 4.4%of the records respectively.Before October,the cranes moved in single families,and they did not join other family groups.Cranes gathered in the middle of October and the highest numbers appeared on 29 October.All of the cranes migrated out of this area by 6 November.In addition,we found Eurasian Crane(Grus grus),Demoiselle Crane(Anthropoides virgo),Bar-headed Goose(Anser indicus),Greylag Goose(Anser anser)and Ruddy Shelduck(Tadorna ferruginea)in this area.According to our field work and preliminary interviews,we found that because of environmental changes,the increase of livestock husbandry,mining and eco-tourism,the population of Black-necked Cranes has faced threats in recent years.Increasing livestock husbandry,mining and eco-tourism activities potentially threaten Black-necked Cranes with poaching and egg-collection.In response to these threats,the protection

关 键 词：黑颈鹤 分布 数量 生存状况 昆仑山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q959.7