耐力训练对江苏U18男篮运动员血常规的影响  

The Influence of Endurance Training on the Blood Routine of Jiangsu U18 Male Basketball Players

作　　者：汤仑 朱兴国 蒋云龙 TANG Lun;ZHU Xingguo;JIANG Yunlong(Xianlin Training Base of Jiangsu Sports Bureau,Nanjing 210042,China;Graduate School,Nanjing Sports Institute,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省体育局仙林训练基地,江苏南京210042 [2]南京体育学院研究生部,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2021年第7期46-50,共5页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

摘　　要：目的:探究长期耐力训练对青年篮球运动员血常规生化指标的影响及变化情况。方法:选取15位江苏省青年男篮运动员为研究对象,进行为期12周的耐力训练,对训练前后的血常规参数进行分析。结果:长期训练后单位容积内的红细胞数量(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞压积(PCV)、睾酮水平(T)和睾酮/皮质醇(T/C)均显著降低(P<0.01);尿素氮(BUN)、肌酸激酶(SCPK)、铁蛋白(SF)显著升高(P<0.01);而皮质醇的水平在训练前后无明显变化(P=0.608);训练后RBC、HB和PCV呈显著正相关,其中任意一个参数发生变化,其余两个参数会发生相同趋势的变化;睾酮下降低于25%,T/C下降低于30%。结论:长期训练使血容量增加,引起RBC、Hb和PCV的降低,是运动适应的结果,也符合“运动员血液”的特征。训练后BUN和SCPK的升高说明肌肉中氨基酸代谢供能增加并出现肌纤维损伤;睾酮水平降低和T/C的下降提示训练强度过大以及运动疲劳的出现,但睾酮下降幅度低于25%,T/C下降幅度低于30%说明未达到过度疲劳,是训练的正常反应。SF的升高与训练后的营养补剂有关,说明运动营养安排合理,未出现缺铁性贫血的症状。Objective:To explore the effects and changes of long-term endurance training on blood routine biochemical indexes of young basketball players.Method:Select 15 young men’s basketball players from Jiangsu Province as the research objects to conduct endurance training for 12 weeks,and analyze the blood routine parameters before and after training.Results:After long-term training,the number of red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin(HB),hematocrit(PCV),testosterone level(T)and testosterone/cortisol(T/C)per unit volume were significantly reduced(P<0.01);urea nitrogen(BUN),creatine kinase(SCPK),and ferritin(SF)increased significantly(P<0.01);while the level of cortisol did not change significantly before and after training(P=0.608);RBC,HB,and PCV were significantly positively correlated after training,and any one of the parameters changed,and the other two parameters would change in the same trend;the testosterone drop is less than 25%,and the T/C drop is less than 30%.Conclusion:Long-term training increases blood volume and causes the decrease of RBC,Hb and PCV,which is the result of exercise adaptation and also conforms to the characteristics of“athlete’s blood”.The increase of BUN and SCPK after training indicates that the amino acid metabolism in the muscle is increased and the muscle fiber is damaged;the decrease of testosterone level and the decrease of T/C indicate excessive training intensity and the appearance of exercise fatigue,but the testosterone drop is less than 25%,a drop in T/C of less than 30%indicates that excessive fatigue has not been reached,which is a normal response to training.The increase in SF is related to the nutritional supplements after training,indicating that the sports nutrition arrangement is reasonable and there is no symptom of iron deficiency anemia.

关 键 词：训练 篮球 运动员 血常规 血生化 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]