雅江河谷防沙治沙生态工程实施年限对沙地持水性能的影响  

Effects of Different Implementation Period of the Vegetation Ecological Projects on the Water Holding Capacity of Aeolian Sandy Land in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley

作　　者：唐永发 张宝军[1] 熊东红[1] 刘琳[1,3] 唐科明 袁勇 TANG Yongfa;ZHANG Baojun;XIONG Donghong;LIU Lin;TANG Keming;YUAN Yong(Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Hazards and Earth Surface Process,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ministry of Water Resources,Chengdu 610041;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an,Sichuan 625014;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,成都610041 [2]四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川雅安625014 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2021年第4期55-63,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0404);中国科学院战略性先导科技(A类)专项(XDA20020401)。

摘　　要：为探究雅鲁藏布江(下称“雅江”)河谷阶地2种类型防沙治沙生态工程(砂生槐灌木林、杨树人工林)实施对沙地持水性能的影响,测定了该区6,12,30年生态工程样地0—30 cm土层沙地持水性能和土壤理化性质,采用模糊数学法计算了土壤质量指数,分析了沙地持水性能的影响因素,并采用多元逐步回归法确定了主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究区0—10 cm土层砂生槐和杨树人工林土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量指标从6~30年增幅分别为5.81%~9.19%和51.47%~71.48%,杨树人工林上述持水量指标是砂生槐的1.02~1.60倍。(2)杨树人工林促进沙地0—10 cm土层机械组成、容重、孔隙度等结构变化和有机质、全氮等养分含量提高均优于砂生槐。随实施年限变化,砂生槐上述土壤指标变化整体为12年最好,杨树人工林则依次为30年>10年>6年。(3)2种生态工程0—30 cm土层土壤综合质量指数平均值随年限的增加呈增加趋势。相关分析和多元逐步回归分析结果表明,沙地持水性能与沙地机械组成、容重、孔隙度、有机质、全氮和全磷均呈极显著相关,其主要影响因素为毛管孔隙度、全氮和极细砂。综合可知,杨树人工林作为当地引进乔木种,其对沙地持水性能提升效果及持续作用均优于乡土种灌木砂生槐,能够很好地促进沙地恢复。研究结果可为认识区域沙地生态水文功能变化和生态工程建设提供数据参考。In order to explore the effects of two types of ecological projects(Sophora moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker shrub and Populus alba L.plantation)on the water holding capacity of sandy land in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley terraces,the water holding capacity and soil physicochemical properties of 0—30 cm soil layer in 6,12 and 30 years ecological projects plots in this area were measured.The soil quality indexes of aeolian sandy lands in different projects areas were calculated by fuzzy mathematics method.The influencing factors of water holding capacity of aeolian sandy lands were analyzed,and the main influencing factors were determined by multiple stepwise regression method.The results showed that:(1)The saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and field water holding capacity of 0—10 cm soil layer of S.moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker shrub and P.alba L.plantation increased by 5.81% to 9.19% and 51.47% to 71.48% from 6 to 30 years,respectively,and each water holding index of P.alba L.plantation was 1.02 to 1.60 times of that of S.moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker shrub.(2)P.alba L.plantation promoted better structural changes in mechanical particle,bulk density,porosity and had higher nutrient contents such as organic matter and total nitrogen in the 0—10 cm soil layer of aeolian sandy lands than S.moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker shrub.With the increase of implementation years,the overall change of the above soil indicators in the 0—10 cm soil layer of S.moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker shrub was best in 12 years,while that of P.alba L.plantation was 30 years>10 years>6 years.(3)The average value of soil quality index of the 0—30 cm soil layer of the two ecological projects showed an increasing trend with the increasing of implementation years.The results of correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the water holding capacity of sand lands was significantly correlated with the mechanical particle,bulk density,porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus,an

关 键 词：生态工程 持水性能 理化性质 实施年限 雅江河谷 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S152.71[农业科学—农业基础科学]