添加NBPT/DMPP/CP的高效稳定性尿素在黑土和褐土中的施用效应  

Effects of stabilized urea containing NBPT/DMPP/CP on nitrogen use efficiency and maize yield in black and cinnamon soil

作　　者：李学红[1,4,5] 李东坡 武志杰[1] 崔磊 肖富容[1,4] 张可 李永华 郑野 张金明 崔永坤 LI Xue-hong;LI Dong-po;WU Zhi-jie;CUI Lei;XIAO Fu-rong;ZHANG Ke;LI Yong-hua;ZHENG Ye;ZHANG Jin-ming;CUI Yong-kun(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110016,China;North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation,Panjin,Liaoning 124021,China;Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co.Ltd,Huludao,Liaoning 125001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems,Shenyang,Liaoning 110107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]北方华锦化学工业股份有限公司化工研究院,辽宁盘锦124021 [3]锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁葫芦岛125001 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,辽宁沈阳110107

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第6期957-968,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200707)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂的高效稳定性尿素在黑土和褐土中的作用效果,为科学合理选择抑制剂提供科学依据。【方法】以春玉米为试材,采用东北典型的黑土和褐土进行盆栽试验。供试抑制剂包括N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶(CP)。试验设不施氮肥(U0)、施普通尿素(U),和在尿素中添加NBPT、DMPP、CP、NBPT+DMPP、NBPT+CP、DMPP+CP,共8个处理。在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期、灌浆期、成熟期取样,测定土壤尿素态氮、NH^(+)_(4)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量,计算硝化抑制率,玉米抽雄吐丝后测定棒三叶叶面积和叶绿素含量,收获后测定玉米生物量、氮素含量等指标。【结果】1)与普通尿素(U)相比,黑土上添加NBPT+DMPP、NBPT+CP处理玉米苗期土壤中NH^(+)_(4)-N含量分别提高1.32、0.96倍,NO_(3)^(-)-N含量分别降低1.35、1.04倍,玉米叶面积增加,叶片叶绿素含量增高。褐土中,添加DMPP+CP处理在玉米苗期土壤NH^(+)_(4)-N含量提高3.09倍,NO_(3)^(-)-N含量降低1.49倍,玉米叶绿素含量提高1.61倍,显著高于对照和单一抑制剂处理。2)在黑土中,与普通尿素相比,添加NBPT+DMPP、NBPT+CP处理的玉米籽粒产量分别增加1.64和2.18倍;氮素表观利用率分别提高3.02和3.34倍,高于其他处理。褐土添加DMPP+CP处理的籽粒产量增加1.41倍,氮素表观利用率提高4.98倍,高于其他处理。【结论】在黑土中,尿素配施NBPT+DMPP、NBPT+CP可以有效抑制NH^(+)_(4)-N向NO_(3)^(-)-N的转化,增加玉米氮素吸收量,提高氮肥利用率,从而获得较高的产量,是黑土栽培玉米施用氮肥的最佳选择。褐土中,DMPP+CP的硝化抑制率显著高于添加单一抑制剂,有效抑制铵态氮的硝化作用,减少氮素损失,增加玉米氮素吸收量,从而使玉米高产,因此,添加DMPP+CP是制备褐土玉米专用高效稳定性尿素的最好选择。【Objectives】The effect of commonly used N fertilizer synergistic agents were studied in black soil and cinnamon soil,aiming to identify the suitable type of urease and nitrification inhibitors for the two soils.【Methods】The tested synergistic agents included N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine(NBPT),3,4-dimethyl-pyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and 2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl)-pyridine(CP).A pot experiment was conducted using maize as test materials.Besides no N control,seven treatments were set up,they were urea(U),and U plus NBPT,DMPP,CP,NBPT+DMPP,NBPT+CP,and DMPP+CP.The contents of urea N,NH^(+)_(4)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N in soil were measured at seedling,big trumpet,grouting and maturity stage of maize,and the nitrification inhibition rate was calculated correspondingly.The maize leaf area and chlorophyll content were measured after tassel spinning,and the biomass and N content of the plant were measured after harvest.【Results】1)Compared with common urea treatment,adding NBPT+DMPP and NBPT+CP treatments increased the content of NH^(+)_(4)-N in black soil by 1.32 and 0.96 times,and decreased the content of NO_(3)^(-)-N by 1.35 and 1.04 times in the seedling stage of maize.The leaf area of corn and the content of chlorophyll were increased because the sufficient soil NH^(+)_(4)supply.In cinnamon soil,DMPP+CP increased the content of NH^(+)_(4)-N by 3.09 times compared with U treatment,and decreased the content of NO_(3)^(-)-N by 1.49 times.Meanwhile,the content of chlorophyll increased by 1.61 times,higher than that in control and single inhibitor treatment significantly.2)In black soil,the grain yield of NBPT+DMPP and NBPT+CP was increased by 1.64 and 2.18 times,respectively,compared with U treatment.The N apparent use efficiency increased by 3.02 and 3.34 times,which were higher than those in other treatments(P<0.05).DMPP+CP increased the grain yield and the N apparent use efficiency in cinnamon soil by 1.41 times and 4.98 times,respectively,which were higher than those in other treatments.【Conclusions】In black

关 键 词：硝化抑制剂 脲酶抑制剂 尿素 铵态氮 硝态氮 氮肥利用率 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]