小麦根际解钾微生物与土壤钾含量、钾素利用率及根系活力的关系  

Relationships of potassium-releasing rhizosphere microorganisms with soil potassium content,potassium use efficiency and root vigor in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：邓永兴 王文亮[2] 周苏玫 詹克慧 徐利利 付锦州 郭芳芳 韩亚倩 杨习文 贺德先 DENG Yong-xing;WANG Wen-liang;ZHOU Su-mei;ZHAN Ke-hui;XU Li-li;FU Jin-zhou;GUO Fang-fang;HAN Ya-qian;YANG Xi-wen;HE De-xian(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;College of Resources and Environments,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第6期1027-1043,共17页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2018YFD0300701)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨肥料施用方式和施钾量对土壤不同形态钾含量及小麦根系活力的影响,以期为提高土壤钾素利用效率提供技术支持。【方法】2018-2020年连续两年,采用裂裂区设计,主区为肥料(A):设20%有机肥(鸡粪)+80%氮肥(A1),100%氮肥(A2)2个水平;副区为施钾量(B):设不施钾(B1)、减量施钾80 kg/hm^(2)(B2)、常规施钾120 kg/hm^(2)(B3)、增施钾肥160 kg/hm^(2)(B4)4个水平;副副区为小麦品种(C):西农979(C1)、豫农202(C2)。分别在冬前、返青、拔节、开花、灌浆、成熟时,调查分析根际解钾微生物数量、土壤不同形态钾含量、小麦根系活力、钾素利用效率。【结果】联合方差分析结果表明,有机肥、施钾量、品种及年份对根际解钾微生物数量、土壤速效钾含量、小麦根系活力、钾素利用效率和产量的影响均达5%或1%显著水平。在小麦全生育期内,与单施化肥相比,有机肥和化肥配施条件下根际解钾微生物数量、速效钾含量、根系活力显著提高,缓效钾和矿物钾含量降低;随施钾量提高,根际解钾微生物数量、速效钾含量、根系活力、钾素利用效率提高,而施钾量过大时则有所降低;有机肥和常规施钾量配施处理的根际解钾微生物数量、速效钾含量、根系活力较其他处理显著提高,而缓效钾和矿物钾含量降低幅度最大。有机肥和钾肥配施较单施化肥处理的钾素利用效率提高2.24%,与不施钾相比,在两年中常规施钾植株钾素利用效率提高幅度最高可达75.15%,且有机肥和常规施钾配施处理下钾素利用效率提高幅度最大达4.66%。相关分析结果表明,不同生育时期根际解钾微生物数量与小麦根系活力、土壤速效钾、缓效钾或矿物钾含量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】有机肥和化肥配施可增加土壤根际解钾微生物数量,提高土壤速效钾含量而降低缓效钾和矿物钾含量。钾肥减施条件下,采用有机无�【Objectives】Effects of fertilizer application patterns and rates on content of soil potassium of different forms and wheat root vigor were investigated to provide a technical basis for increasing soil potassium use efficiency.【Methods】In two growing seasons of 2018-2020 in Henan,a split-split plot design was employed with combined application patterns of nitrogen fertilizer and chicken manure in main plots(A1:20%chicken manure plus 80%nitrogen fertilizer,A2:100%nitrogen fertilizer),potassium fertilizer application rates in sub-plots(B1:CK,B2:80 kg K2O/hm^(2),B3:120 kg K2O/hm^(2),B4:160 kg K2O/hm^(2)),and wheat cultivars in sub-sub-plots(C1:Xi’nong 979,C2:Yu’nong 202).Potassium-releasing rhizosphere microorganisms,content of soil potassium of different forms,wheat root vigor,and potassium use efficiency were all investigated and analyzed during wintering and at growth recovering,jointing,anthesis,grain-filling stage,and mature,respectively.【Results】It was showed by complex variance analysis that influence of chicken manure,potassium fertilizer application rate,wheat cultivar,and growing season on potassium-releasing rhizosphere microorganisms,content of soil available potassium,wheat root vigor,potassium use efficiency,and grain yield were all significant at either 5%or 1%level.During the whole growing period,compared with the treatments with sole potassium fertilizer,potassium-releasing rhizosphere microorganisms,content of soil readily available potassium,and root vigor were significantly increased,and contents of both slowly available potassium and relatively inactive potassium were decreased in treatments with chicken manure combined with chemical fertilizer.Potassium-releasing rhizosphere microorganisms,content of soil available potassium,and root vigor,and potassium use efficiency increased with potassium application rate,but decreased to some extent when potassium application was excessive.Potassium-releasing rhizosphere microorganisms,content of soil available potassium,and root vigor were

关 键 词：小麦 根际解钾微生物 速效钾含量 根系活力 钾素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]