土地托管与兼业农户粗放种粮的缓解机制及效果检验  

Mechanism and effect test of land trusteeship to alleviate the extensive grain planting of part-time farmers

作　　者：孙小燕[1] 韩培培 刘小瑜 SUN Xiaoyan;HAN Peipei;LIU Xiaoyu(School of Economics,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan Shandong 250014,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学经济学院,山东济南250014 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第6期135-146,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“高质量发展目标下新型农业经营主体的产业链协同机制研究”(批准号:19BGL150);山东省社会科学基金项目“土地托管规模连片服务机制优化研究”(批准号:19BJCJ62)。

摘　　要：兼业化种植仍是未来较长一段时期内中国粮食生产的主要形式,化解兼业农户粗放种粮难题对于保障中国粮食安全至关重要。文章构建了“非农就业挤出效应与收入效应-兼业农户粗放种粮与托管需求-托管组织提供多环节绿色服务-化肥农药减量施用及粮食增产”的理论框架,阐明土地托管缓解兼业农户粗放种粮的作用机理。基于对河北、河南、安徽、江苏、山东5省1370个兼业小麦种植户问卷调查的数据,采用倾向得分匹配法,从小麦产量、化肥施用量、农药使用量三方面实证检验了土地托管缓解托管兼业农户粗放种粮的效果。研究发现,土地托管不仅有利于减少托管兼业农户化肥、农药施用量,还有助于提高小麦产量,其效果均在10%以上。同时,不同环节土地托管服务缓解托管兼业农户粗放种粮的效果存在差异;土地托管对不同禀赋类型的托管兼业农户缓解效果也有所不同,对兼业化程度较高的小农户粗放种粮的缓解效果更好。因此,政府要大力支持土地托管发展,在机械购置、土地整治、技术培训等方面给予鼓励、补贴或项目倾斜;重点支持整体缓解效果较好的田间管理与农资供应服务,尤其是统防统治、测土配方施肥服务;增强小农户对土地托管的认知,成方连片向小农户开展服务,更好发挥土地托管对托管兼业农户尤其是兼业小农户粗放种粮的缓解作用。As part-time cultivation could remain as the main form of grain production in China over a long period of time in the future,solving the problem of extensive grain production by part-time farmers is of vital importance to guarantee food security in China.This paper constructed the theoretical framework of‘crowding-out effect and income effect of non-agricultural employment of farmers—extensive grain planting and land trusteeship needs of part-time farmers—trusteeship organizations providing multi-link green services—reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increasing grain production’,and illustrated the mechanism of land trusteeship in the alleviation of extensive grain planting of part-time farmers.Based on the questionnaire survey data of 1370 part-time wheat growers in Hebei,Henan,Anhui,Jiangsu and Shandong provinces,this study used the propensity score matching method to empirically tests the effect of land trusteeship on the alleviation of the extensive grain production of part-time farmers from three aspects of wheat yield,fertilizer application and pesticide use.The results showed that land trusteeship not only reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide,but also increased the yield of wheat,and the effect was above 10%.At the same time,the effects of land trusteeship services on the alleviation of the extensive grain production of part-time farmers were different in different links.The alleviation effect of land trusteeship on the part-time farmers with different types of endowments was also different,and the mitigation effect on small farmers with higher degree of concurrent farming was better.Therefore,the government should strongly support the development of land trusteeship,and provide incentives,subsidies or preferential projects in the aspects of machinery purchase,land consolidation,technical training,etc.;focus on supporting the field management and agricultural resource supply services with better overall mitigation effect,especially in terms of u

关 键 词：土地托管 兼业农户 粗放种粮 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济]