民法典视域下抵押物转让规则的现状检视与适用探析  

The Status Quo Review and Application Analysis of the Transfer Rules of Mortgaged Property under the Civil Code

作　　者：陈佳琳 Chen Jialin(School of Law Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期56-65,共10页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：《民法典》颁布之前,我国抵押物转让规则经历了立法的变迁,实践中存在裁判标准和结果不一的司法困境。《民法典》第406条规定的抵押物自由转让模式具有正当性,明确抵押权追及效力具有必要性。在适用追及效力时应运用抵押登记规则和正常经营活动买受人规则进行体系解释适用,在抵押权追及效力被阻断、无法行使或难以行使抵押权、转让导致抵押物价值减损的情况下,抵押权人可以要求抵押人将转让价款提前清偿或提存。同时明确可能损害抵押权的情形应当包括抵押物在正常经营活动中被交易;动产抵押已设立但未登记;转让将导致抵押物用途明显变化,并发生价值减损;抵押人不履行通知义务,导致抵押权人无法知悉从而无法行使抵押权的情况。抵押人的通知义务内容应当包括抵押物的受让人为何人及抵押物的空间位置移转至何地。受让人在抵押物转让关系中亦有利益诉求,应当允许受让人行使涤除权以消灭抵押负担,但舍弃原本涤除权制度中对抵押权人不利的规定,从而实现抵押权人、抵押人、受让人三方主体的利益平衡,促进抵押权制度的有效运转。Before the promulgation of the Civil Code,the transfer rules of mortgaged property in China have undergone legislative changes.In practice,there is a judicial dilemma of inconsistent judgment standards and results.The free transfer mode of mortgages stipulated by Article 406 of the Civil Code is legitimate,and it is necessary to make clear the tracing effect of mortgage.When applying the tracing effect,it should be systematically interpreted in accordance with the mortgage registration rules and the rules of buyer in the ordinary course of business.Under the circumstances that the tracing effect is cut off,or it is unable or difficult to realize the right to mortgage,or the transfer leads to value reduction of the mortgaged property,the mortgagee may request the mortgagor to apply the proceeds of the transfer to pay off the obligation before it is due or place it in escrow.The circumstances that may impair the right to the mortgage should include that the mortgaged property is traded in the ordinary course of business;a mortgage on movable property is established but not registered;the transfer will result in a significant change in the use of mortgaged property and a decrease in its value;the mortgagor does not perform the obligation of notice,which causes the mortgagee to be unable to know and thus unable to exercise his right to the mortgage.The contents of the mortgagor’s notification obligation shall include who the assignee is and where the space location of the mortgaged property is transferred to.The assignee also has interest demands in the transfer relationship,and should be allowed to exercise the right to eliminate the mortgage burden.Moreover,the adverse provisions for mortgagee in original system of elimination right should be abandoned,so as to achieve balance among interests of the mortgagee,mortgagee and assignee and promote effective operation of the mortgage system.

关 键 词：抵押物转让 自由转让 追及效力 涤除权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]