中国消费金融的风险特征、形成机理与防范对策  

Risk Characteristics,Formation Mechanism and Preventive Countermeasures of Consumer Finance in China

作　　者：程雪军 Cheng Xuejun

机构地区：[1]上海大学法学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2021年第7期72-90,共19页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国金融体系的系统性风险与金融监管改革研究”(项目编号:13AJY018);国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国互联网金融市场准入与监管法制重大理论与实践问题研究”(项目编号:16BFX098);中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“关于互联网金融风险治理调研”(项目编号:GQZD2020006)。

摘　　要：随着以互联网、大数据、人工智能等为代表的金融科技迅猛发展,我国消费金融行业从以“铺网点、搞地推”的特征的传统消费金融向以“数字引领、场景连接、金融融合”为特征的互联网消费金融转变,但创新发展的背后却呈现出风险高企、市场乱象丛生与风控失灵等困境。通过对消费金融的风险特征(扩散速度快、监管难度高、交叉传染性强、“长尾”性)进行分析,按照不同形成机理将消费金融风险分为内源性风险与外源性风险。此外,通过对域外发达国家与地区(美国、日本、韩国、中国台湾)的消费金融风险与防范经验对比分析,从消费金融的内源性与外源性风险角度,对我国消费金融风险提出防范对策:在外源性风险防范层面,完善消费金融法律规范体系,建立个人破产制度;保持“竞争中性”,加强对消费金融的政策支持;加强对消费金融的信息科技风险防范,构建监管科技平台;构建多层次的消费金融资金来源渠道,防范流动性风险。在内源性风险防范层面,加快消费金融基础设施建设,完善社会征信体系;构建开放、完备的消费金融准入与退出机制;加强消费金融机构的公司治理与全面风险管理;做好对金融消费者权益的有效保护。With the rapid development of financial technology represented by the internet,big data and artificial intelligence,China’s consumer finance industry has changed from traditional consumer finance characterized by“network establishment and ground promotion”to internet consumer finance characterized by“digital guidance,scene connection and financial integration”.However,behind the innovation and development,there are many dilemmas,such as high risk,chaotic market and risk control failure.Through the analysis of the risk characteristics of consumer finance(fast diffusion speed,high difficulty in supervision,strong cross-infectivity and“long tail”),the risks of consumer finance are divided into endogenous risks and exogenous risks according to different formation mechanisms.In addition,through the comparative analysis of the consumer financial risk and prevention experience of developed countries and regions(the United States,Japan,South Korea,China Taiwan),and from the perspective of endogenous and exogenous risks of consumer finance,the following countermeasures are put forward for China’s consumer finance risk prevention:in the aspect of exogenous risk prevention,our country should improve the legal system of consumer finance and establish personal bankruptcy system;maintain“competition neutrality”and strengthen policy support for consumer finance;strengthen the information technology risk prevention of consumer finance,and build a regulatory technology platform;build a multi-level source of consumer financial funds to prevent liquidity risk.In the aspect of endogenous risk prevention,Our country should accelerate the construction of consumer finance infrastructure and improve the social credit system;build open and complete access and exit mechanism of consumer finance;strengthen the corporate governance and overall risk management of consumer financial institutions;effectively protect the rights and interests of financial consumers.

关 键 词：消费金融 金融风险 金融科技 风险防范 对策 

分 类 号：F832.5[经济管理—金融学]