基于木质粉尘燃烧特征光谱的火花探测装置研究  

Research on spark detection device based on combustion characteristic spectrum of wood dust

作　　者：尚征帆 张杰 倪申健 徐兆军 那斌 朱南峰 SHANG Zhengfan;ZHANG Jie;NI Shenjian;XU Zhaojun;NA Bin;ZHU Nanfeng(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2021年第4期43-48,共6页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600703);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX190295)。

摘　　要：为解决木材加工厂所面临的粉尘爆炸事故威胁,保护人民群众的生命财产安全,丰富国内燃爆检测设备的种类并提高检测设备的检测效率和精度,通过研究粉尘爆炸五要素中的点火源发现粉尘燃烧时具备若干特征。燃爆产生初期粉尘处于炽热或者着火状态,前期研究发现,粉尘着火时会在钠、钾元素对应的波长范围内产生2个特殊的光谱特征。围绕这2个光谱特征,采用dsPIC作为控制芯片制作检测电路板,搭载硅型PIN光电二极管、LT1793和LT1012型运算放大器作为信号采集单元,通过二级放大电路来放大所捕获的火花信号,再由上位机和dsPIC决策最终的有效信息。为验证本装置是否具备实用性,联合第三方权威认证机构,依照国际标准搭建验证平台并进行了有效性检测。结果表明,本装置能够较为灵敏地对火花进行探测。认证结果表明,本装置最远可探测到75 cm距离的火花信号,是国际标准(15 cm)的5倍,且装置的反应时间低于520μs,远超德国某品牌设备的响应时间,符合企业使用需求。In recent years, with the continuous development of society, economy, and technology, people’s demand for wood products has continuously increased, and wood processing plants have also developed rapidly. However, accompany with the glorious economic benefits, frequent dust explosion accidents are huge hidden safety hazards. In order to solve the problem of wood dust explosion that threats wood processing plants, protect people’s lives and property safety, enrich the types of domestic explosion detection equipment, and improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of detection equipment, we investigated the phenomenon of wood dust explosion and found that the ignition source of the five elements of dust explosion had several characteristics when dust caught fire. In the initial stage of combustion and explosion, the dust was at a hot or ignited state. The previous studies had discovered that there were two special spectral characteristics when dust was on fire. We used dsPIC as the control chip to make the detection circuit board around these two spectral characteristics, equipped with silicon-type PIN photodiode, LT1793 and LT1012 operational amplifier as the signal acquisition unit, and amplified the captured spark signal through the secondary amplifier circuit. The final valid information was decided by the upper computer and dsPIC. In order to verify whether the device was practical, our research team and a third-party authoritative certification body built a verification platform in accordance with "Approval standard for spark detection and extinguishing systems" and conducted validity tests. The results showed that the device could detect sparks more sensitively. The certification results showed that the device could detect the spark signal at the farthest distance of 75 cm, which was 5 times of the distance required by the international standard(15 cm);the response time of the device was less than 520 μs, which was far exceeding the response time of a certain brand of equipment in Germany, thus meeting

关 键 词：粉尘燃爆 火花 光谱 光电二极管 DSPIC 运算放大电路 

分 类 号：S781.3[农业科学—木材科学与技术]