从皇家禁地到庆典舞台:北京西郊万寿寺的微观格局变迁  

From the Royal Forbidden Land to the Ceremony Stage: The Development of Wanshou Temple in the Western Suburbs of Beijing

作　　者：杨菁[1,2] 叶翔 张小弸[1] YANG Jing;YE Xiang;ZHANG Xiaopeng

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]天津大学建筑历史与理论研究所

出　　处：《建筑师》2021年第3期79-86,共8页The Architect

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(51978445,52038007);天津市艺术科学规划项目资助(D18008);天津大学自主基金项目(2020xsc-0004)。

摘　　要：本文是对万寿寺建筑群这一微小空间领域由明末至清末三百余年变迁的研究。明代万历生母李太后崇佛及其个人情感归属,替僧制度,西郊的人文地理是万寿寺初创的背景。尔后三百余年,万寿寺历经多次营建变革,畅春园的始建,崇庆皇太后六旬和七旬庆典,慈禧太后六旬庆典无不例外地影响到了组群的建设。文章将史料与实际建制进行联系,分析万寿寺各时期的主要营建特色,并指出其成型除了时代语境给予的必然外,也是一座因古代水陆交通位置优越而成,随年代愈富女性统治者色彩的北京皇家寺院案例,以期见微知著,反映北京西郊这段时期历史、地理、建筑等方面的变迁。This paper is a study of the changes of Wanshou temple from the end of Ming Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty, the personal affection of Empress Dowagen Li, the system of replacing monks, and the human geography of the western suburbs were the factors of the establishment of Wanshou Temple. During the 300 years after the establishment, Wanshou Temple experienced many changes. The establishment of Changchun Garden, the celebration of Empress Dowager Chongqing’s sixties and seventies, and the celebration of Cixi’s sixtieth birthday all affected the building complex. This paper links historical materials with the actual construction system. It points out that the formation of Wanshou Temple is not only the product of the times, but also an example of Beijing’s royal temple formed due to its superior location of land and water transportation, whose style became increasingly more influenced by the Chinese female rulers.The small details indicate the historical, geographical, and architectural development of Beijing’s Western suburb areas.

关 键 词：万寿寺 长河 北京西郊 女性统治者 营寺动机 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]