德国2017—2018年难民庇护申请者的人口结构分析  

Demographic Analysis of Refugee Asylum Applicants in Germany in 2017-2018

作　　者：宋全成[1,2] 周琦 SONG Quan-cheng;ZHOU Qi(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong;Institute of Migration Studies,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院社会学系,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学移民研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期160-172,共13页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“欧盟的难民危机、移民融入问题及其治理研究”(17BMZ091);国家民族事务委员会民族研究项目“当今欧洲穆斯林移民问题研究”(2018-GMB-064)。

摘　　要：2017—2018年德国难民庇护申请者的数据显示,2018年难民庇护申请的数量为18.59万人,比2017年的22.27万人下降了16.52%。从人口的自然结构来看,与2017年相比,2018年难民庇护申请者的年龄结构仍趋向年轻型,但随着总体性别比的持续下降,性别结构趋于平衡。从社会结构来看,2018年的十大来源国不变,但排名略有变化,前三大来源国为叙利亚、伊拉克和伊朗,伊朗上升迅速。在宗教信仰结构上,与2017年相比,2018年穆斯林的比例虽然有明显的降低但仍位居第一,紧随其后的分别是基督徒和雅兹迪人。在地理空间分布上,与2017年一样,2018年难民庇护申请者主要集中在德国西部的非均衡性特征没有发生改变。在处理类别结构上,2018年难民庇护申请处理总量仅有21.69万份,比2017年减少了38.65万份,下降率达到64.1%。可以预料,在未来一段时间里,在德国提出难民庇护申请的人数和规模将日趋减少。Data on German refugee asylum applicants in 2017-2018 shows that refugee asylum applicants in 2018 numbered 185900,down 16.52%from 222700 in 2017.In terms of the natural structure of the population,compared with 2017,the age of refugee asylum applicants in 2018 tended to be younger,but as the overall gender ratio continues to decline,the gender structure tended to be balanced.In terms of the social structure,the top 10 countries of origin in 2018 remained the same.However,the ranking changed slightly,with the top three countries of origin being Syria,Iraq and Iran,and Iran in rapid ascent.In terms of the religious belief structure,the proportion of Muslims decreased significantly in 2018,which still ranked first as it did in 2017,followed by Christians and Yazidis.In terms of the geographical spatial distribution,compared with 2017,the main concentration of refugee asylum applicants in western Germany in 2018 remained unchanged.In terms of the processing category structure,refugee asylum applications only numbered 216900 in 2018,a decrease of 386500 or 64.1%from 2017.The number and scale of refugee asylum applications in Germany are expected to decrease gradually in the future.

关 键 词：德国 难民人口 自然结构 社会结构 难民庇护申请 

分 类 号：K521.5[历史地理—历史学] D810.6[历史地理—世界史]