三峡库区大宁河流域景观格局变化及生态安全格局构建研究  

Study on Landscape Pattern Change and Ecological Security Pattern Construction of Daning River Basin in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：程植 林孝松 CHENG Zhi;LIN Xiaosong(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学建筑与城市规划学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期40-49,共10页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41601564);重庆市基础研究与前沿探索项目(No.cstc2018jcyjAX0156)。

摘　　要：【目的】为维护三峡库区大宁河流域生态安全,对该流域景观格局变化和生态安全格局进行研究。【方法】基于大宁河流域2000,2010和2020年共3期的土地覆被数据,综合分析研究区景观格局和土地覆被类型的时空演变;遴选生态阻力评价指标,利用ArcGIS建立综合生态阻力面,基于最小累积阻力(Minimum cumulative resistance,MCR)模型、重力模型构建大宁河流域生态安全格局,并提取生态廊道和生态节点。【结果】1)流域景观格局呈现破碎度、连通度、蔓延度和均匀度均随时间变化不断降低的总趋势;2)流域内覆被类型以林地和耕地为主,耕地、草地的面积随时间变化而减少,林地、湿地、水域和建设用地的面积随时间变化增加;3)流域整体生态安全水平较高,以高、较高生态安全为主,两者所对应区域面积占比为64.3%,低和较低生态安全等级的区域面积占比为19.1%;4)共提取研究区一、二级潜在生态廊道20和23条,得到一、二级生态节点17和49个,结合研究区实际提出研究区"一线两核两区"的生态安全格局优化框架及相应措施。【结论】研究区生态安全总体较好,但存在空间异质性较强特点,今后需要在总体优化框架下协调生态环境保护和社会经济发展,进一步提升整个区域生态环境质量。[Purposes]In order to maintain the ecological security of the Daning River Basin in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,the landscape pattern change and ecological security pattern of the basin were studied.[Methods]Based on the three periods of land cover data of the Daning river basin in 2000,2010 and 2020,comprehensively analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the landscape pattern and land cover type in the study area;select ecological resistance evaluation indicators and use ArcGIS to establish a comprehensive ecological resistance surface based on the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model and gravity model construct the ecological security pattern of the Daning river basin,and extract ecological corridors and ecological nodes.[Findings]1)The landscape pattern of the basin presents a general trend in which fragmentation,connectivity,spread,and uniformity all decrease over time.2)The main types of cover in the basin are forest land and cultivated land.The area of cultivated land and grassland decreases with time,and the area of forest land,wetland,water area and construction land increases with time.3)The overall ecological security level of the basin is relatively high,with high,The higher ecological security is the main factor,and the area corresponding to the two areas accounted for 64.3%,and the area of the lower and lower ecological security grades accounted for19.1%.4)A total of the first and second potential ecological corridors in the study area were extracted 20 and 23,17 and 49 firstand second-level ecological nodes have been obtained.Based on the actual situation of the research area,the ecological security pattern optimization framework and corresponding measures of the"first line,two cores and two areas"in the research area are proposed.[Conclusions]The ecological security of the study area is generally good,but there is strong spatial heterogeneity.In the future,it is necessary to coordinate ecological environmental protection and social and economic development under the overall optimizatio

关 键 词：景观格局指数 生态安全格局 最小累积阻力(MCR)模型 生态廊道 大宁河流域 三峡库区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P901[天文地球—自然地理学]