基于气象数据的家用太阳能热水系统利用优化方法研究  

Optimization study on domestic solar water heating systems based on meteorological data

作　　者：骆燕文 蒙泳君 何江[2] 阮胜[2] LUO Yanwen;MENG Yongjun;HE Jiang;RUAN Sheng(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Academy of Architecture and Arts,Guangxi Arts University,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西艺术学院建筑艺术学院,广西南宁530007 [2]广西大学土木建筑工程学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《热科学与技术》2021年第3期254-262,共9页Journal of Thermal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51968003);广西科学研究与技术开发计划资助项目(桂科AD21075050);广西艺术学院高层次人才科研启动资助项目(GCRC201919);广西艺术学院高等教育教学改革工程立项资助项目(2020JGY36)。

摘　　要：太阳能热水系统每天的太阳能制热水量及用户在不同季节天气中的热水需求量会不同,但家用太阳能热水系统的水箱容量都普遍偏大,在冬季或阴雨天使用辅助能源加热的整箱热水有剩余,造成辅助能源的浪费。提出依据天气状况利用历年气象数据预测太阳能制热水量的方法,从而自动控制水箱水量来提高家用太阳能热水系统热利用效率。在自动控制器中录入各地区历年太阳辐射量数据库和各种太阳能热水系统的太阳能制热水量计算程序,用户可依据当天天气预报的天气状况使用自动控制器就能预测出当天的太阳辐射量可能加热的热水量,再根据自身的热水需求情况选择是否增加辅助能源热水量。此方法在满足用户使用需求的同时提高太阳能有效利用率,也避免浪费不必要的辅助能源。研究以太阳能资源较贫乏地区(Ⅳ区)的南宁市为例进行实验验证,结果可预测出当天太阳辐射制热水量,并能够控制热水出水温度与目标水温的偏差在5℃以内。Geographical environment, climate, season and weatherare the factors that affect daily hot waterr requirement in domestic solar water heating systems(DSWH). In general, all water in the hot-water tank will be heated up to the setpoint temperature by auxiliary energy on winter days or dull rainy days. This would result in consumption of large auxiliary energy due to a larger size of the hot-water tank in DSWH systems. Therefore, a method for predicting the amount of solar heated hot-water every day based on meteorological data and intraday weather was proposed, and an intelligent controlling system to control the water amount in the hot-water tank was developed so as to improve utilization of collected solar heat. Hot-water calculation programs and data such as local solar radiation were assigned into the developed intelligent controller. According to weather forecast, the user could use this intelligent controller to predict the amount of hot water that could be produced only by solar radiation that day, and could also decide whether the auxiliary energy is needed according to user’s needs. The proposed controlling method could increase the efficiency of the solar energy and reduce auxiliary energy consumption. A case study was conducted in Nanning for verifying the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed controlling system. Experimental results show that the developed intelligent controller can predict the amount of solar-heated hot water according to the weather, and the differences between predicted and measured temperatures of hot water are within 5 ℃.

关 键 词：家用太阳能热水器 太阳辐射数据库 天气状况 预测制热水量 自动控制系统 

分 类 号：TU111[建筑科学—建筑理论]