基于遗传算法的低密度住宅可再生能源利用潜力参数化设计方法研究  

Research on Parametric Design Method of Renewable Energy Utilization Potential of Zero Energy House Based on Genetic Algorithm

作　　者：吴会来 谭洪卫 邓丰[1,2] WU Huilai;TAN Hongwei;DENG Feng

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]同济大学绿色建筑及新能源研究中心 [3]同济大学机械与能源工程学院 [4]联合国环境规划署-同济大学环境与可持续发展学院

出　　处：《住宅科技》2021年第7期62-69,共8页Housing Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于遗传算法的近零能耗居住建筑多目标优化设计方法研究”(编号:52078345);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“近零能耗高层住宅关键参数量化设计策略研究——以上海地区为例”(编号:51708411)。

摘　　要：文章聚焦以零能耗为导向的居住建筑设计,以建筑设计、能源技术及经济性等多方面复杂系统的整合设计优化为导向,研究建立各系统参数间的耦合关系,采用多目标优化方法寻找最优节能设计方案。研究选取我国五大气候区的典型低层独立式居住建筑为对象,基于Grasshopper平台的参数化设计工具及NSGA-Ⅱ遗传优化算法,探索以零能耗为导向的居住建筑实现总空调采暖负荷最低、光伏发电量最大及投资成本最低的多目标优化设计方法,对影响3个目标函数的建筑涉及的9个控制变量(各朝向窗墙比、围护结构、屋顶、外窗传热系统、外窗的太阳得热系数及建筑朝向)进行量化评价分析;同时,建立零能耗建筑多目标优化的设计流程及分析模型,对比分析不同气候区典型建筑类型实现零能耗的可行性及技术路线,为我国不同气候区零能耗居住建筑设计实践提供理论基础和参数化设计方法。With the rapid development of computer technology in recent years, building performance simulation technology is widely used in building energy-saving design. This paper focuses on the design of residential house oriented to zero energy, and is oriented to the integration and optimization of complex systems such as architectural design, energy technology, and economy, and studies the establishment of coupling relationships among system parameters, and uses multi-objective optimization methods to find optimal energysaving design scheme. The study selects typical low-rise independent residential houses in China’s five major climate regions as the object. Based on the parametric design tool of the Grasshopper platform and the NSGA-Ⅱ genetic optimization algorithm, it explores multiobjective optimization design method of zero-energy-oriented residential houses to achieve the lowest energy demand and the largest photovoltaic power generation and lowest incremental cost. The nine control variables involved in the house that affects the three objective functions(the ratio of windows to walls, envelope structure, roof, external window heat transfer system, external window solar Heat gain coefficient and building orientation) is evaluated and analyzed quantitatively. Established the design process and analysis model for multiobjective optimization of zero-energy houses, and compared and analyzed the feasibility and technical route of typical houses in different climatic areas to achieve zero-energy. The theoretical basis and parametric design method are developed for the design practice of zeroenergy residential houses in different climatic areas in China.

关 键 词：低密度住宅 类型学 遗传算法 参数化设计 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TU241[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]