黄芪根瘤象甲发生规律及生物学特性  

Occurrence and biological characteristics of weevil Sitona simillimus

作　　者：刘月英[1] 张大为[1] 魏玉红[1] 周昭旭[1] 罗进仓[1] Liu Yueying;Zhang Dawei;Wei Yuhong;Zhou Zhaoxu;Luo Jincang(Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2021年第3期577-584,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560514)。

摘　　要：为进一步明确黄芪根瘤象甲Sitona simillimus的发生规律和生物学特性,于2016—2019年采用田间系统调查和室内饲养试验对黄芪根瘤象甲的越冬规律、田间数量动态变化、生活习性和各虫态的发育历期进行调查,测定土壤湿度和寄主植物对成虫存活及发育的影响。结果表明,黄芪根瘤象甲以成虫在靠近植物根际处的土层内越冬,越冬适宜的土壤质量含水量为5%~10%。在甘肃省定西市黄芪根瘤象甲1年发生1代,越冬成虫产卵高峰期为每年5月下旬至6月中旬,幼虫发生高峰期为每年6月中旬至8月初,化蛹高峰期为每年7月下旬至8月上旬,成虫羽化盛期为每年8月下旬至9月上旬。黄芪根瘤象甲成虫羽化当年虽可取食,但不产卵,翌年越冬结束后开始取食,取食后即可产卵。在黄芪、红芪、苜蓿和三叶草中,只有取食黄芪叶片的雌成虫才能正常产卵繁殖。黄芪根瘤象甲成虫产卵的昼夜节律明显,产卵主要集中在12:00—22:00,单雌产卵量为2 051.4粒,产卵期为42.6 d。卵、蛹和幼虫的平均发育历期分别为9.8、10.6和36.7 d。In order to further clarify the occurrence and biological characteristics of weevil Sitona simillimus, the overwintering regularity, population dynamics, life habits and developmental durations of each developmental stage were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of soil moisture and host plants on the survival and development of the adults were measured with systematic field investigation and indoor feeding experiments from 2016 to 2019. The results showed that the adults were overwintering in the soil near plant rhizosphere, and the suitable mass moisture content of soil for overwintering adults was 5%-10%. The weevil had one generation per year in Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The spawning peak of the overwintering adults occurred in late May to mid-June. The peak of larvae and pupae appeared in mid-June to early August and late July to early August, respectively. The emergence of newgeneration adults was mainly from late August to early September. Adults could feed after emergence,but did not lay eggs until feeding after the end of overwintering next year. Among astragalus, red astragalus, alfalfa and clover, only female weevils that fed on astragalus could lay eggs and reproduce normally. The circadian rhythm of adult egg laying was obvious. The egg laying was mainly concentrated at12: 00—22: 00. The mean number of eggs per female was 2 051.4 grains and the oviposition period was42.6 d. The average developmental periods of eggs, pupae and larvae were 9.8, 10.6 and 36.7 d, respectively.

关 键 词：黄芪根瘤象甲 越冬 种群动态 生物学特性 昼夜节律 发育历期 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]