农村居民最低生活保障制度的教育溢出效应——基于贫困儿童人力资本的实证分析  

The Educational Spillover Effect of the Minimum Living Guarantee System for Rural Residents:Empirical Analysis Based on the Human Capital of Poor Children

作　　者：刘德弟[1,2] 薛增鑫 LIU De-di;XUE Zeng-xin(College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang,313000,China;Zhejiang Academy of Rural Revitalization,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang,313000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学浙江省乡村振兴研究院,杭州311300

出　　处：《西北人口》2021年第4期44-56,共13页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“农村女性非农就业对生育决策的影响机理与生育支持政策研究”(编号:71903177)。

摘　　要：农村居民最低生活保障制度作为一项专门针对农村贫困人口的政府无条件转移支付项目。基于家庭人力资本投资模型,利用2012年和2014年的中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用面板倾向得分—固定效应模型,实证分析了农村低保对贫困儿童认知能力的影响,并从家庭教育物质投入和时间投入两个角度检验了其影响路径。研究结果表明:无论是深度贫困还是轻度贫困儿童,农村低保均能够显著提高其认知能力,尤其是对深度贫困儿童的促进作用更加显著;异质性分析显示,相对于父母受教育程度较低的儿童,农村低保对父母受教育程度较高的贫困儿童认知能力的提升作用更加明显。同时,相较于东、中部地区,农村低保对西部地区贫困儿童认知能力的提升效果更为明显;进一步路径分析显示,农村低保主要通过影响家庭教育物质投入,间接提升农村贫困儿童的认知能力,但并未改变贫困家庭父母的时间配置偏好。因此,政府应该适当提高农村低保的补助标准和瞄准效率,并从儿童的教育、健康等方面设置合理的受益条件,使得农村贫困家庭优先将一定比例的补助金用于儿童人力资本投资,从而充分发挥出农村低保的教育溢出效应。The minimum living security system for rural residents is a government unconditional transfer payment project specifically aimed at the rural poor population.Based on the household human capital investment model,using the 2012 and 2014 Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,using the panel propensity score-fixed effect model,the empirical analysis of the Rural Dibao to the poor children’s cognitive ability,and examined the influence path from the perspectives of material investment and time investment in family education.The results show that the Rural Dibao can significantly improve the cognitive ability of both the deeply poor and the mildly poor children,especially the deeply poor children.The heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of Rural Dibao on the cognitive ability of poor children with higher education level was more obvious than that of children with lower education level.At the same time,compared with the eastern and central regions,the effect of Rural Dibao on the cognitive ability of poor children in western regions is more obvious.Further path analysis shows that the Rural Dibao indirectly improves the cognitive ability of poor rural children mainly by affecting the material input of family education,but does not change the time allocation preference of poor parents.Therefore,the government should appropriately improve the subsidy standard and targeted efficiency of the Rural Dibao,and set reasonable benefit conditions from the aspects of children’s education and health,so that the rural poor families will give priority to a certain proportion of the subsidy for children’s human capital investment,so as to give full play to the educational spillover effect of the Rural Dibao.

关 键 词：最低生活保障 贫困儿童 认知能力 溢出效应 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]